「言險俗者，多以附照」──論鮑照詩歌的「險」與「俗」

The Danger and Vulgar Style from Bao Zhao: Discussion about “Danger” and “Vulgar” of Bao Zhao's Poetry Style

鍾嶸的《詩品》將鮑照列為中品，而在鮑照詩評的最末，有一段引人注意的評論，稱鮑照「貴尚巧似，不避危仄，頗傷清雅之調。故言險俗者，多以附照」。鮑照詩風在其後文壇影響頗為深遠，《文心雕龍》稱「今才穎之士，刻意學文，多略漢篇，師範宋集」；〈詩品序〉稱「有輕薄之徒，笑曹劉為古拙，謂鮑照羲皇上人，謝朓今古獨步」，蕭子顯〈文學傳論〉亦稱「發唱驚挺，操調險急……斯鮑照之遺烈也」，且鮑照之影響多半帶著負面評價。本文分成幾個面向，首先關注的「險」與「俗」這兩個術語如何被論述、又如何結合；其次論述鮑照的樂府詩與「俗」的關係；其三論鮑照的寫景詩與「險」的關係，最後論鮑照詩歌在其後所造成的影響。希望進一步深入探討與謝靈運、顏延之並稱元嘉三傑的鮑照，其詩歌的風格的呈現與其在文學史中的位置。

In Zhong Rong's Shi Pin, he listed Bao Zhao as a “medium level” poet. Moreover, there is one famous and eye-catching comment at the end of Bao Zhao's poem analysis, which implies poets who write vulgar and danger poetries are mostly influenced by him. Bao Zhao's unique style brought a proliferation of discussion in Chi and Liang Dynasties. There is a paragraph in Wen Xin Diao Long saying “a talented person nowadays learns literature deliberately. They learn mostly articles from Han and Song Dynasties.” Shi Pin mentions, “some skittish people mock Tsao and Liu as old-fashioned, while seeing Bao Zhao as a legend, and Xie Tiao as the one of the greatest of all time.” In Xiao Zi Xian's “History of Chi”, he also wrote “Begins with harshness, goes on with risk, are the effects Bao Zhao has caused.” Apparently, Bao Zhao greatly influenced the literary world for decades. The influence was regarded as negative by commentators. This article can be separated into four steps. First, I'll focus on how “vulgar” and “danger” were being discussed, including how they integrate. Second, I'll discuss the relationship between Bao Zhao Yuefu poetry and “vulgar”. Third, I'll discuss the relationship between Bao Zhao Landscape poetry and “danger”. Last, I'll discuss the influences of Bao Zhao's style towards Chi and Liang Dynasties. Hopefully, I can further clarify how Bao Zhao was compared equally with Xie Lingyun and Yan Zhitui in the Yuanjia period, inclusive of how his unique style was constructed back then.