王夫之《易》史互證中的經世思想

Wang Fuzhi's Statecraft Ideology Present in his Comparisons Between History and the Book of Changes

身處明末清初之際的王夫之，治學融治經史，其易學與史學相互闡發，反映出為國為民的憂患意識與經世思想，以及論學著重於因應現實事理變化的特性。王夫之主張史須著經世之大略，他的經世思想乃指經世致用之道，此鮮明的表現在他史論當中。究竟他是如何結合《易》道於史論中體現，為本文的關注重點所在。本文的研究取徑，首先從「位」與「時」的角度切入剖析，以「位」論政統與天下之大貞，以「時」論治道的運用。其次，從「貞」的角度論述士道實踐，分析士人的進退選擇、守道與吉凶的關係，思索船山對士人的抱負期許。相信透過《易》史互證的方式，能對歷史的變化發展與得失成敗之因有更清楚的認識，並深化王夫之經世思想的內涵，體現其價值意義。

As a scholar versed in the histories and classics, immersed in state affairs during the Ming-Qing transition, Wang Fuzhi's simultaneous exegeses on history and the Book of Changes reflected his awareness of the hardships his country and countrymen faced as well as his thoughts on statecraft. This also reflected his belief in using scholarship to directly deal with the changing tides of current events. Wang Fuzhi believed that the essentials for studying statecraft could be learned from history. His thoughts on statecraft were based on the belief that studying history should have practical use for managing the state, this is visible most clearly in his discussions of history. This paper will explore how Wang Fuzhi managed to combine together his studies of both history and The Book of Changes. This paper will start by analyzing the ideas of “position” and “timeliness”, “position” to speak of the virtue of the kingdom and its government, “timeliness” to speak of proper governance. Then we will analyzing Wang Fuzhi's high expectations for scholars, using the term “virtue” to speak of practicing the way of the scholar, analyzing the scholar's choice to advance or retreat, and looking at the relationship between luck and keeping the scholar's way. Using this methodology of comparing history and the Book of Changes, Wang Fuzhi was able to more clearly understand the causes of the innumerable changes throughout history, to add depth to his thinking on statecraft, and to embody his core values in his thought.