主體思考與「士大夫傳統」：從重讀葉榮鐘的《美國見聞錄》談起

Thoughts on Subjectivities and ''the Tradition of Chinese Scholars'': Rereading Yeh Rongzhong's Meiguo Jianwen Lu (Notes on My Journey to the United States)

葉榮鐘撰稿的《台灣民族運動史》，1971年由《自立晚報》出版社出 版，完成這項捨我其誰的民族史撰寫的志業與宿願後，葉榮鐘偕夫人 終於在1974年實現了到美國參訪、探視親友的心願，回台後還撰寫了 《美國見聞錄》一書，不幸因病竟成遺作。擺脫長期被國民黨監視的葉 榮鐘，透過美、加之行的考察與思索，並且藉由在波士頓、華盛頓發 出致林莊生的書信，道出他對台灣未來出路的看法：「與八億之中國人 民同其運命」。本文的目的即在透過探討向來被忽視的《美國見聞錄》 的語境，耙梳葉榮鐘何以發出台灣的未來只能「與八億之中國人民同其 運命」的論斷。並追溯他秉持經世濟民的「士大夫傳統」理念，終生致 力於反殖民、反壓迫的民族革命運動與復興民族文化的志業，以闡明 他如何超克台灣殖民地現代性的史觀，將傳統士大夫的理想與他對社 會主義新中國的認同相聯繫，展現他對東西方文明的比較，思考傳統 文化如何更新與再造，以重建民族文化與中國人的主體性。他對「台灣 往何處去」的思考，不僅聯繫於他對民族文化的思考，也扣合於他對二 戰後世界秩序的省思與批判思維，其對人類世界和平的企求，所體現 的是源自儒家經典《禮記．禮運》大同章中「天下為公」理想世界的「士 大夫傳統」。此一傳統歷經乙未割台、台灣光復與「分斷體制」，依舊再 現於葉榮鐘晚年對於民族、國家的未來與人類道德遠景的承擔。葉榮 鐘思考的並不僅僅是台灣的出路問題，也是崛起後的中國如何維護世 界和平的原則問題。如何連結社會主義與儒學倫理傳統則是當今中國 具備和平崛起的實力與國力時所必須正視的問題。這是終生致力於反 殖民、反壓迫志業的葉榮鐘先生其人其文，以一個殖民地臺灣的抗日 文人，留給兩岸中國人珍貴的思想遺產。

Three years after the publisher Independence Evening Post published History of Taiwan National Movement, Yeh Rongzhong, the book's author, finally visited the United States with his wife in 1974. He published Meiguo Jianwen Lu (Notes on My Journey to America), recollecting not only what he saw in North America but also his thoughts on Taiwan's future. During his fourmonth visit in the United States and Canada, he read many books about Chinese Communist Revolution, social changes in post-1949 China, and history books about China and Taiwan around World War II as banned by the KMT government. Away from the KMT's surveillance, Yeh Rongzhong considered Taiwan's future in his letters to Lin Zhuangsheng when he was in Boston and Washington, DC. In these letters, Yeh expressed the idea of ''sharing the same destiny with 800,000,000 Chinese people.'' Yeh Rongzhong was one of the few Taiwanese intellectuals who having survived the 228 Incident, Land Reforms, the White Terror, the Korean War, and the Cold War, remained strongly identified with the PRC government. This essay traces Yeh's idea of ''sharing the same destiny with 800,000,000 Chinese people'' in his Meiguo Jianwen Lu, a literary work which has been neglected by scholars for a long time.