臺灣縣市糧食消費之土地使用比較分析：土地遠距連接之觀點

Implied Land Use of Food Consumption in Counties/Cities of Taiwan: A Comparison Study from the Perspective of Land Teleconnection

都市為產業與人口聚集之地，惟其所屬土地面積有限，所需物資多仰賴都市以外地區供應，是以帶動跨越不同行政管轄空間尺度的物資流動，進而鏈結了都市與其他地區之土地系統，為「土地遠距連接」(land teleconnection) 現象的重要成因。本文旨在分析都市糧食消費隱含的土地使用，文中以臺灣為研究標的，縣市與糧食種類作為維度，量化分析臺灣各縣市不同種類糧食消費隱含的土地使用面積。本研究結果顯示，人口密度較高的都市( 如臺北市)，糧食消費之土地遠距連接現象較為明顯；在所有糧食中，肉類消費隱含的土地使用面積較高，其中豬肉為國內自給自足，牛肉則大量仰賴進口，兩者之土地使用空間範疇差異甚鉅；再者，不同進口來源國糧食生產方式互異，各國單位重量糧食隱含的土地使用面積存在明顯差異，在從事相關計算時需特別注意，以避免嚴重的推估誤差；最後，本研究主張「推拉」(push-pull)模型較「引力」模型更適合解釋糧食消費衍生之都市土地遠距連接現象。

Cities have concentrations of industries and people. As cities have limited land areas, most of the goods and materials that they acquire are produced outside their borders. These flows of goods and materials across different administrative spatial scales link the land system between cities and other regions, and are a major cause of land teleconnection (LT). This study attempts to make a quantitative contribution in analyzing LT associated with urban food consumption. Using Taiwan as a case study, a comparison study of implied land use is conducted for different types of food consumed in cities/counties. Analytical results suggest that the LT is more significant in urban areas with high population density (such as Taipei City). Meat has the highest implied land use among all types of food. Considering that pork has domestic self-sufficiency, while beef heavily relies on imports, the two types of meat have quite different spatial scopes of implied land use. Furthermore, the implied land use for food production varies significantly across countries. To avoid seriously biased estimates, land conversion factors should be weighted according to their individual origins. Finally, the “push-pull model” serves as a better foundation than the “gravity model” in explaining the associated phenomena of food-related LT.