全球環境變遷對都市永續性的省思

Urban Sustainability Revisited: A Reflection of Global Environmental Change

都市化現象引發的環境變遷議題，使全球環境變遷研究意識到都市永續發展的重要，將都市化與環境變遷提升至全球尺度。於都市永續發展規劃與決策過程，永續性評估指標往往被採用作為政策評估與建議提供的工具，而我國自1990 年代開始建立都市永續評估架構與指標，但久未更新且缺乏全球環境變遷思維。都市永續性評估研究多透過指標架構之建立，作為評估的基礎，然而指標範疇侷限且未能連結全球環境變遷議題，而有以下之缺口：(1) 缺乏跨域議題的討論，包括「疆域」與跨「領域」；(2) 缺乏跳脫地理空間尺度，考量都市發展對遠距地區的影響；(3) 缺乏考量因應氣候變遷的減緩與調適策略。因此，本文建議進行都市永續評估時，得建立一個公部門局處與利害關係人組成之「平台」機制，促使跨域討論與推動落實。本文另基於驅動力—壓力—狀態—衝擊—回應 (DPSIR) 的永續性架構，提出都市永續評估得從都會區觀點切入，納入土地遠距連接概念、減緩與調適策略等全球環境變遷思維的都市永續性架構，作為地方政府建構未來都市永續發展的參考。

Environmental change induced by urbanization has led research on global environmental change to recognize the importance of focus on urban sustainability, thus elevating urbanization and environmental change to a global scale. In the planning and decision-making process of urban sustainability, sustainability indicators have often been used as tools for policy evaluation and recommendation. Although Taiwan began to establish assessment frameworks and indicators for urban sustainability in the 1990s, these have not been updated recently, and are lacking in ideas pertaining to global environmental change. Studies on urban sustainability assessment are mainly based on the establishment of frameworks and indicators. However, owing to the limited scope of the indicators and the failure to link with the issues of global environmental change, these studies have the following shortcomings: 1) lack of discussion of cross-domain issues, including cross-boundary and interdisciplinary ones; 2) lack of consideration of impacts beyond the geospatial scale, including the effect of urban development over distant areas (land teleconnections), and 3) lack of consideration for mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change. Therefore, this study recommends establishing a “platform” mechanism, comprising public sector departments and stakeholders, to promote cross-domain discussion and promote assessment implementation when assessing urban sustainability. Additionally, based on the DPSIR (Driver-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) framework for sustainability, this study also proposes an urban sustainability framework that adopts the perspective of metropolitan areas and incorporates ideas of global environmental change, such as land teleconnections, mitigation and adaptation strategies. This framework can serve as a reference for local governments in sustainable urban development in the future.