毒品犯罪熱點區位GIS分析──以新北市為例

Analysis of Hot Spots of Drug Crime in New Taipei City: A Case Study of GIS

近年來，毒品犯罪查獲件數逐年持續攀升，在台灣六都之中，新北市於2008年改制為直轄市後，緝獲毒品犯罪件數均一直高居六都之冠。本文以2011－2018年新北市所查獲違反毒品危害防制條例案件（91,669件）為樣本，利用犯罪地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System，下均稱GIS），透過空間分析方法，實施巨量資料庫之量化分析，以研究新北市毒品犯罪之熱點分布，包含區位熱點、熱時、熱區及熱路段等。研究發現新北市蘆洲、三重、板橋、永和及中和呈現高度熱區的狀態，其中以三重區為最，而熱里為板橋區的黃石里，熱路段則是板橋區的文化路最高，至毒品犯罪查獲的熱時段，以20時至24時破獲案件最高。本文建議應GIS運用於毒品犯罪預防上，持續精進犯罪製圖之監控交叉比對，並強化分析空間分布與各類犯罪之關聯性，並留意各犯罪高度與次高度聚集區之擴散、移轉及消散之顯著性，以期達到毒品犯罪防治上之效能。

In recent years, the number of drug crimes has continued to rise year by year. Among the six capitals in Taiwan, after New Taipei City was reorganized into a municipality in 2008, the number of drug seizures has always been the highest in the six municipalities. This article takes the drug cases (91,669) seized in New Taipei City from 2011 to 2018 as samples, and uses the Geographic Information System (GIS) to implement a quantitative analysis of a big data database, in order to study the distribution of hot spots for drug crimes in New Taipei City, including location hot spots, hot time, hot areas and hot sections. The study found that Luzhou, Sanchong, Itabashi, Yonghe, and Zhonghe District in New Taipei City exhibited a highly hot zone, with Sanchong District being the most severe. The hot neighbourhood is Huangshi section in Banqiao District. The hot section is the cultural road in Banqiao District. The hot time for drug crime seizures is between 20:00 and 24:00. This article also specifically recommends that in the future for the application of GIS in the prevention of drug crimes, we should continue to improve the monitoring and cross-comparison of crime mapping, continue to strengthen the analysis of spatial distribution and the correlation of various types of crimes, and pay attention to the highest and second highest concentration of various crimes. The significance of the proliferation, transfer and dispersal of the district in order to achieve the effectiveness of drug crime prevention.