居民災害識覺與災後復原重建：台中市松鶴部落與雅比斯巷之個案

Residents’ Disaster Perception and Post-disaster Recovery and Reconstruction: Case Study of the Songhe Tribe and Yabit

社區受災後的復原重建工作，以位置而言，有原地重建與異地重建|以標的而言，有硬體建設與居民心靈的重建，兩者皆與居民的災害識覺及過去經驗有關係並互為影響。本研究以於2004年受敏督利颱風與艾利颱風侵襲的台中市松鶴部落為例，探討受災後原地重建的松鶴部落居民及遷至雅比斯巷異地重建的居民的災害識覺，並分析災後硬體重建與心靈復原的差異。本研究以實地調查法、觀察法與半結構式深度訪談法蒐集一手資料，並以主題分析法歸納主軸概念。研究發現，居民對環境變化的敏感度會因受災經驗而提高，但對未來災害的想像並不一致|此外，松鶴部落於災後由社區自行規劃的避難處所，具有在地脈絡，比政府公告的處所更貼近居民所需。而松鶴部落復原過程中產生許多爭議，包括資源分配不均、土地與經濟產業衝擊等，因此復原重建過程應與民眾密切溝通，除住屋硬體外，亦須留意產業生計面向。在心靈重建議題中，原地重建的松鶴部落居民與異地重建的雅比斯巷居民呈現不一致，與兩者在受災經驗、災害識覺、重建選擇與生活狀況有關。本研究建議政府於災後須主動與災民針對原地或異地重建做深度溝通，亦須考量短期與長期生活規劃，才能在災後復原重建更臻完善。

Off-site reconstruction might reduce disaster risks but could also have long-term effects on community and residents’ livelihood. This case study observes the Songhe tribe that was devastated by the Mindulle Typhoon in 2004, especially certain households that were relocated to Yabit. To explore the differences in residents’ perception and recovery decisions between Songhe and Yabit, we employed semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data. Results revealed residents’ environmental perception had increased due to previous disasters, but they had different conceptions of future disasters. We suggested intensive communication during post-disaster recovery to ensure holistic reconstruction.