以文獻回顧方式探討醫療職場暴力之預防

Using Literature Review to Explore the Prevention of Medical Workplace Violence

近年來醫療職場暴力持續增加，此現象已成為嚴峻且具有挑戰性的議題。本文透過文獻回顧，對醫療職場暴力及相關因素進行統整論述，並提出預防之道。文獻回顧顯示，醫療職場暴力盛行率超過50％，職場暴力類型主要分為身體與心理，其中語言暴力發生率更顯著高於肢體暴力，另外病人、家屬或訪客為常見的暴力來源。進一步歸納出醫療職場暴力的危險因子主要和個人特質、工作特性、環境及組織三大面向有關。職場提供足夠的通報措施，並實施明確的政策和預防暴力計畫是目前認為降低職場暴力的策略。希望藉由此篇文獻回顧，可以增強醫療人員對職場暴力的認知與敏感度，研究結果可提供做為未來制定預防職場暴力相關政策參考。

The medical workplace violence sustains growth in recent years, and this phenomenon becomes a severe and challenging issue. This article used literature review of medical workplace violence and related factors to address prevention strategies. The results showed that the prevalence of medical workplace violence was over 50%. The main types were physical and psychological, and the incidence of verbal violence is significant more than physical violence. In addition, patients, family members or visitors were common sources of violence. Personal characteristics, work characteristics, and environment and organization were the main risk factors of medical workplace violence. The adequate reporting system, clear policies and violence prevention programs implemented are currently considered strategies to reduce workplace violence. We hope the awareness and sensitivity about workplace violence could be enhanced, and the results could be a reference for preventing workplace violence policies in the future.