父子自我概念落差與主觀幸福感之研究

The self-concept discrepancy and subjective well-being of fathers and their adolescent boys

本研究旨在探討青少男與其父親的自我概念落差與主觀幸福感現況，以及兩群體間自我概念落差與主觀幸福的相關情形。以全台就讀5至9年級青少男與其父親為母群體。採問卷調查方式，先立意選取台灣西岸7縣市9學校，再採分層隨機抽樣，自每校5-9年級中每年級各抽出35對男學生及其父親為樣本。利用親師會後進行集填答，共發出與回收父子問卷各1,575份，回收率100%。資料以皮爾森積差相關及複迴歸分析進行統計，結果現：1.青少男的主觀幸福感 (M＝86.3，SD＝14.8) 與其父親的主觀幸福感 (M＝95.2，SD＝13.0) 之間呈顯的正相關 (r＝.21，P＜.001)。2.青少男與父親的「理想我」與「現在我」的自我概念落差(r＝.098，P＜.01，以及「應該我」與「現在我」的自我概念落差 (r＝.105，P＜.001) 之間均呈正相關。3.青少男的「應該」與「現在我」的自我概念落差(β＝-.139，P＜.01)、青少男的「理想我」與「現在我」的自我概念落差 (＝-.158，P＜.001)、父親的主觀幸福感 (β＝.194，P＜.001) 是青少男主觀幸福感的顯著預測因子。本研究依據研究結果建議，父親對青少男以及青少男對自身應有合理期許，以降低失望或焦慮的情緒，提升觀幸福感。

The present study aimed to investigate the current status of self-concept discrepancies and subjective well-being among fathers and their adolescent boys and their correlation. Purposeful sampling was employed and selected 9 schools located in 5 cities and 2 counties randomly from all junior high schools in western part of Taiwan. Using a stratified random sampling we recruited same quantity, 35 male adolescent and father dyads each grade from grade 5 thru 9, from each of these schools. Data were collected collectively right after the Parent-Teacher meetings. Total questionnaire were distributed to 1,575 dyads of fathers and sons, and the response rate was 100%. The data were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression. The adolescent boys’ subjective well-being (M＝86.3, SD＝14.8) and the fathers’ subjective well-being (M＝95.2, SD＝13.0) were significantly correlated (r＝.21, P ＜.001). The self-concept discrepancies of the ideal self and present self between fathers and their adolescent boys was correlated (r ＝ .098, P ＜ .01), and the self-concept discrepancies of the ought self and present self between fathers and their adolescent boys was correlated (r＝.098, P＜.01). Adolescent’s ideal and present self-concept discrepancy (β ＝ -.158, P ＜ .001), ought and present self-concept discrepancy (β＝-.139, P＜.01) and father’s subjective well-being (β＝.194, P＜.001) predict adolescent’s subjective well-being. According to the result of this study, we suggested that the expectation received by the adolescent boys, either from their fathers or themselves, should be reasonable to lower the adolescent boys’ dejection or agitation related emotions and enhance their subjective well-being.