《乾坤正氣集》與清中葉的纂修書籍風潮

The Collection of Righteousness (Qiankun Zhengqi Ji) and the Movement of Books Editing in the Mid-Qing Period

清初諸帝均甚為重視文化事業，入關前，便積極從事相關出版工作，入關後，更展開大規模圖書編纂工程，包含：文史地理、字典與百科全書式的大型套書，其中皆蘊含複雜的政治文化思想，影響力自不待言。時至嘉道年間，除例行的實錄、御製詩文集與聖訓等編纂工作外，官方大規模纂輯、刻印歷史文獻或詩文總集的文化事業已逐漸減少。然士人在文字獄的壓力下，仍積極纂修書籍，且蔚為大觀，形成一股風潮。嘉道年間正是王朝由盛轉衰的關鍵時刻，然士人如何回應時移世變？如何轉化學術風潮以經世濟民？凡此種種，至今均未明瞭其中曲折。是故，本文擬以顧沅、潘錫恩先後纂輯之兩部《乾坤正氣集》為核心，探討清中葉的纂修書籍風潮。同時，藉以探討清中葉士人的時代關懷焦點、士人網絡等，將有助於吾人進一步掌握清中葉學術文化脈動，捕捉時代風潮，並釐清學術與世變的密切關連。

Emperors in the early Qing dynasty paid great attention to cultural establishments. Before the Qing power expanded into China propoer in 1644, emperors already initiated plans to publish books actively. After 1644, they set up more book-editing plans to cover literature, historiography, geography, dictionary and encyclopedia. These books contained complex political and cultural thoughts and brought great influence. Although official book-editing decreased during the JiaqingDaoguang period, except the Emperor Record and Emperor's Poetry Collection, literati continued to edit books actively under literary persecution and their efforts turned into a movement. The JiaqingDaoguang period marked a turning point in Qing dynasty. How did literati act during this period? How did they transform academic work into statecraft? These are questions that existing scholarship has not fully answered. To answer these questions, this article will examine the two vesrions of The Collection of Righteousness (Qiankun Zhengqi Ji) edited subsequently by Gu Yuan and Pan Xi-en and explore the major concerns, network of scholars, and other issues of the book-editing movement in mid-Qing period. It aims to further understand the academic culture of the Qing Dynasty, identify the trend of the times, and delineate the intertwined relationship between academic works and political change.