瑯嶠地區番產交易體系與1871年琉球人遇難事件

The Aboriginal Goods Trade System in Lonckjouw and The Ryukyu Castaway Incident of 1871

1871年發生於界外瑯嶠地區（即恆春半島）的琉球漂流民遇難事件（又稱八瑤灣事件），除了作為1874年牡丹社事件的導火線而聞名於世之外，亦是討論界外地區漢人與原住民互動的重要案例。本文爬梳近二十年對於琉球漂流民遇難過程，與恆春半島地域社會的研究成果，發現琉球漂流民上岸接受款待與遇害的過程並非偶發事件，而是一則鑲嵌在清廷既有的漂流民送還體制，以及連接番界內外的帆船交易體系對於漂流物資處理慣例的「番產交易」運作實例。其他相似案例如美利士洋行代表必麒麟（W. A. Pickering, 1840－1907）於1867年至恆春半島大樹房（Toasu－Pong，トツスポン）救援被囚禁的巴丹島漂流民。上述兩則事件的發生地雙溪口、大樹房，即番產交易底下的「番產交易所」。本文最後重新討論在1871年作為中介者番割的婚姻策略，再次印證了客家聚落、番割與原住民在番產交易網絡上的密切關係。

The Ryukyu Castaway Incident of 1871, or the Bayao Bay Incident, renowned as for triggering the Japanese invasion of Taiwan in 1874. Less recognized, however, is that the incident also exemplified the interaction between Chinese settlers and aboriginal people outside the aboriginal boundary. After thoroughly examining the extant literature, I agree that Ryukyu castaways being received and killed by aboriginals in Lonckjouw outside the aboriginal boundary was not a chance event. Rather, it showcased the “aboriginal goods trade” embedded in the two larger systems related to the practice of wreckage management, including the castaway repatriation system of the Qing government and the junk trade system across the aboriginal boundary. A similar case in point is Batan Island castaways being imprisoned in Toasu-Pong, who were later rescued in 1867 by the representative of Milisch & Co., W. A. Pickering. Both incidents took place in the trade depots of aboriginal goods. In conclusion, I discuss the marital strategy employed by aboriginal intermediates (fan-ke, 番割) as reaffirming the close relationship between Hakka settlements, fan-ke, and aboriginals in the network of aboriginal goods trade.