日本近世「教育社會」成立論．敘說

Preface, the Establishment of 'Educational Society' in Early Modern Japan

日本到了近世時期，開始出現以孩童為取向的學習場所和職業教師。若將以計畫性的組織教育視為必需的社會，予以「教育社會」之名的話，那日本近世時期的社會，確實符合前述「教育社會」的定義。本論文將試圖探討近世「教育社會」的成立原因及其發展過程。本論文從生活在當時「文字社會」中人們的「學習」的角度切入，了解到從文字學習的滲透、文字文化的共通化、以至於商業出版媒體的普及，都可以視為「教育社會」成立的基礎。透過這些考察，進一步確認近世時期的「教育社會」與近代日本的「學校社會」之間的關聯性，並可與現今陷入過度發展局面的「學校」進行對照。

The learning locations for kids and professional teachers first appeared in early modern Japan. If we define an “Educational Society” that has indispensable, planned and organized education, the concept of the definition is valid in terms of “Educational Society”. This paper investigates for the first time the meaning of “Educational Society”, and how it is established in early modern Japan. In this paper, it is basically assumed that the public learn as they live in “Literal Society”. The penetration of literal learning and commonality in literal culture, the popularity of commercial publishing media are all upholding the establishment of an “Educational Society”. Through this, the correlation between the “Educational Society” and “Schooling Society” in modern Japan is investigated, and the viewpoint of relatively over-dominance of schooling is proposed in this paper.