朱舜水思想對日本文化之影響──以孔子形象的傳播為探討中心

The Influence of Chu Shun-Shui on Japanese Culturel: A Discussion on the Spread of the Image of Confucius

朱舜水在日本江戶及水戶講學十七年（1665－1682），其中建立「大學制度」是給德川光圀四個治理政治的要諦之一。本文除論述朱舜水所提「大學制度」及「聖堂」建設之外，從文化傳播的角度切入，針對（一）教養與仁政；（二）孝友誠信，顧行謹言；（三）近裏著己；（四）敏慎與實踐；（五）敬身為大；（六）釋奠習儀等學問的傳播，以及朱舜水的「孔子贊」與「聖像贊」、《學宮圖說》與「學校議」的文化移植內涵，聚焦探討朱舜水的孔子形象及其對德川社會文化層面的影響。

Chu Shun-shui had been lecturing in Edo and Mito, Japan for 17 years(1666-1682). One of the four key principles which he suggested to Tokugawa Mitsukuni for governing is to establish “ the educational system of the great learning.” Chu Shun-shui considers the construction of “Seidō (Confucian temple)”the most significant element of the educational system of the great learning. Stressing on the perspective of interexchange of thoughts, this article will analysis the spread of the teachings such as: a) gentry and benevolent government; b) to honor filial piety and friendship, to be honest, to be discreet in speech and action; c) to acquire the true essence of the studies by heart, d) to be earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech, e) to have self-respect, and f) the rite and ceremony of worshiping Confucius; moreover, the context of cross-cultural transplant in Chu Shun-shui's “Zan[Eulogy] of Confucius,” “Zan of the Sacred Statue,” Xuegon [Confucian temple] Tushuo, and “On School,” in order to give a further discourse on Chu's image of Confucius and its impact on the culture and society of the Tokukawa Era.