婚姻滿意度與憂鬱傾向：貫時性對偶分析

Marital Satisfaction and Depression: A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis

本研究主要目的是檢視婚姻滿意度與憂鬱傾向二者變化之間的關係，也就是瞭解新婚夫妻在結婚三年內個人婚姻滿意度與憂鬱傾向的變化情形、二者變化軌跡之間的關係及配偶對個人自己的影響。本研究使用台北市新婚夫妻結婚三年的貫時性資料，有效樣本共計128對夫妻。成長曲線模式的分析顯示，新婚夫妻婚姻滿意度逐年呈直線下降；在控制夫妻婚姻滿意度及教育程度後，丈夫新婚三年的憂鬱傾向沒有產生變化，而妻子三年憂鬱傾向卻呈現曲線的變化。本研究也發現，從不隨著時間變動的關係來看，三年平均婚姻滿意度（或憂鬱傾向）的情況可以預測夫妻三年憂鬱傾向（或婚姻滿意度）的平均數，也就是相當於橫斷性研究所觀察到的現象；從隨著時間變動的關係來看，夫妻婚姻滿意度的變化會影響其憂鬱傾向的變化，夫妻憂鬱傾向的變化也會影響婚姻滿意度的變化，顯示婚姻滿意度與憂鬱傾向的變化軌跡有雙向關係。此二者間的關聯性有些性別上的差異：二者不隨著時間變化的關聯性在妻子樣本中較強；而就隨著時間變化的關係而言，妻子憂鬱傾向變化對其婚姻滿意度變化的預測力比丈夫大，而丈夫婚姻滿意度變化對其憂鬱傾向變化的預測力比妻子大。最後，配偶憂鬱傾向的變化只影響妻子婚姻滿意度的變化，而教育程度卻調節了配偶對妻子婚姻滿意度變化的影響，意即相較於教育程度為高中職的妻子，大學（及以上）畢業的妻子，其婚姻滿意度受到配偶憂鬱傾向負面的影響較小。

This study was to examine the longitudinal relationships between marital satisfaction and depression over first 3-year of marriage. A total of 128 newlywed couples from Taipei city area provided 3 waves of data. Hierarchical linear modeling confirmed a linear decline in the newlywed's marital satisfaction. When couples' marital satisfaction and educational level were controlled, results revealed no systematic changes in the husband's depression and yet appeared a quadratic change in the wife's depression. The results also indicated that the mean marital satisfaction (or depression) of husbands and wives were associated with their own depression (or marital satisfaction). The bidirectional association between trajectories of changes in marital satisfaction and depression was confirmed for both couples. Gender differences were significant. The time-invariant relations between marital satisfaction and depression were stronger for wives than for husbands. However, the magnitudes of effects in time-varying relations were different due to the direction of prediction. Time-varying depression affected wives' marital satisfaction more than husbands'; time-varying marital satisfaction affected husbands' depression more than wives'. Significant partner effects revealed that time-varying depression of the spouse affected wife's marital satisfaction and this partner effect was weakened when the wife was college educated.