情感錯誤歸因程序的自動化反應態度測量檢視

Affect Misattribution Procedure as an Automatic Evaluative Reaction Measurement

本研究的目的在檢視以「情感錯誤歸因程序」做為自動化反應態度測量工具的適切性。本研究以二種態度對象進行量測，藉此檢驗情感錯誤歸因程序之信、效度，同時，也檢驗自陳態度與自動化反應態度對於行為之預測力。研究一以「香菸」作為態度對象，對吸菸者進行各種有關香菸之態度測量。結果顯示情感錯誤歸因程序除了能區辨吸菸者與已戒菸者對於香菸的不同喜好，更能夠有效地區辨不同吸菸者內在對香菸之偏好程度，及推測其可能原因。另外，經由情感錯誤歸因程序所測得之香菸態度，也與未來吸菸之行為傾向有高度的關聯。研究二以敏感議題「陰柔男性」作為態度對象，並在情感錯誤歸因程序中加入正、中、負向度之男性圖片為對照。結果顯示情感錯誤歸因程序可以區辨國中生對不同向度男性與陰柔男性圖片的喜好；此外，態度對於行為的預測顯示大致符合雙重路徑模式的結果，即只有自陳態度能有效預測控制性行為，而自動化反應態度對於自發性的行為，特別具有預測性。整體研究結果顯示，情感錯誤歸因程序的實施相當簡單、明確；無論是學生或是老年人皆可以正確理解作業程序，並可以以團體的方式進行測量，而有效地測量出個體的自動化反應態度。

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the suitability of the affect misattribution procedure (AMP) as an automatic evaluative reaction measure of attitude. Two types of attitude objects were chosen to test the reliability, validity and the predictability of behaviors of the AMP. Using the AMP, Study 1 found that those whom had already given up smoking responded to smoking cues with a clearly negative affect, whereas the smokers' responses depended on individual differences. The differentiation ability of the AMP duplicated the results of previous studies. Moreover, the AMP on smoking cues also tended to predict smokers' behavioral tendencies to smoke in the future. Study 2 explored junior high school students' attitudes toward a sensitive issue: the effeminate males. The pattern of results in Study 2 mostly matched the predictions using the dual pathway mode. That is, only self-reported attitude could predict the controlled behavior, and the automatic attitude measured by the AMP showed a larger relationship with the spontaneous behavior than the other measures. Across the two studies, the AMP displayed its advantages in ease of use, both for young students and the elderly; high reliability; and good behavioral predictions, especially for spontaneous behavior.