評析儒家文化下Deardorff跨文化能力模式在我國小學國際交流之應用

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICABILITY OF DEARDORFF'S INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE MODEL TO INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES OF TAIWAN'S PRIMARY SCHOOLS WITHIN CONFUCIAN CULTURE

本研究旨在評析Deardorff跨文化能力模式在東亞儒家文化脈絡中，小學國際交流情境下的應用性。為達成此研究目的，本研究採取半結構式訪談法與文件分析法，先探討Deardorff之跨文化能力模式，並闡釋其歷程模式對小學國際交流規劃之啟示。在儒家文化脈絡的應用性分析上，本研究分析歸納過去探討儒家溝通能力觀點之論著，從儒家觀點揭示Deardorff理論模式不足之處，並闡釋儒家觀點與Deardorff所提出之能力要素相通之處。Deardorff理論模式在小學國際交流中的應用性則著重於可欲性與可行性的分析，本研究選取3所具豐富國際交流經驗的學校，訪談其負責交流活動的教育實務工作者，並蒐集4所小學（含前3所）國際交流相關文件（含成果報告書、教材、學習單、日記、心得以及活動影片）進行分析。本研究發現，Deardorff的歷程模式可應用於我國跨國校際交流活動之規劃，而其能力要素具有可欲性，能切合國際交流的需求。然而，東亞儒家文化脈絡所強調之人際關係的維繫與禮節是該能力模式所忽略的，應納入該模式中。同時，特定能力要素的達成受限於小學生之文化背景知識、認知發展以及外語能力，有賴教師有系統地介入與引導，以提昇學生的跨文化能力。

The purpose of this research is to provide a critical analysis of the applicability of Deardorff's intercultural competence model to the international exchange activities of primary schools within the East Asian Confucian cultural context. In order to achieve the research purpose, semi-structured interview and document analysis are adopted as research methods. The research begins with inquiring into Deardorff's intercultural competence model and interpreting its implications for planning international exchange activities between primary schools. As for the analysis of the applicability of Deardorff's model to Confucian cultural context, the research analyses and summarises previous literature on Confucian notions of communication competence. From Confucian viewpoints, the limitations of Deardorff's model are revealed and what it has in common with Confucian viewpoints are interpreted. The analysis of the applicability of Deardorff's model to international exchange activities between primary schools focuses on desirability and feasibility. The research selects three primary schools with rich international exchange experiences, and conducts interviews with their educational practitioners in charge of international exchanges. International-exchange-related documents (including result reports, teaching materials, worksheets, journals, reflective writings, and films of activities) from four primary schools (including the three mentioned above) are collected and analysed. The research results indicate that Deardorff's process model is applicable to planning international exchange activities of Taiwan's primary schools, and its competence components are desirable for the needs of international exchange. However, the maintenance of interpersonal relations and manners emphasised in the East Asian Confucian cultural context are overlooked and should be included in the model. Furthermore, because the attainment of some competence components is constrained by primary students' cultural background knowledge, cognitive development and foreign language ability, teachers' systematic intervention and instruction are necessary to promote students' intercultural competence.