論機動車等特殊動產物權的登記對抗效力

On the Registration Confrontation Effect of Special Movable Property

依《物權法》第24條，特殊動產以交付為所有權變動要件，但未經登記不得對抗善意第三人。“善意第三人”，應僅指不知道或不應知道所有權在當事人之間發生了變動而對同一標的物享有物權的人；“不得對抗”，意謂未登記的特殊動產所有權人不享有可排斥該善意第三人權利或優先於其權利實現的法律地位。其中，第三人善意與否，應結合特殊動產的占有與登記兩種公示外觀具體判斷。由此，第24條所包含的登記對抗效力問題，可以轉化為無權處分中受讓人的善意取得問題。如此作解，則未經登記的特殊動產所有權仍屬完全所有權，只是在與信賴利益相沖突時應服從於法律對交易安全的保護。藉此，也可以簡單化解登記對抗主義下法律適用的諸多解釋難題。 According to Article 24 of the Real Right Law, the ownership change of special movables takes effect through delivery, but may not challenge any bona fide third party if it is not registered. ''Bona fide third party'' refers to a person who does not know or should not be aware of the change in ownership between the parties and who claims the real right to the same subject matter. That the unregistered owner of special movables may not challenge any bona fide third party means that the owner does not have legal status to exclude the right of the third party or have precedence over its realization. Whether the third party is a bona fide one or not, should be specifically judged combined with possession and registration appearance of the special movables. Thus, the effectiveness of registration confrontation in Article 24 can be transformed into the problem concerning the bona fide acquisition of the assignee in the unauthorized disposition. According to such interpretation, the unregistered ownership of special movables, which should be subject to the protection of trade security by law when it is in conflict with reliance interest, is still the full ownership. Accordingly, many problems in the law application under the registration confrontation can be easily explained or solved.