醫療損害機會喪失賠償規則研究

A Research on the Loss of Chance Compensation in Medical Malpractice

當前國內學界對以比例式賠償作為醫療損害責任中適用機會喪失理論的唯一路徑多持贊同態度。比較法上，是否允許以機會喪失理論在醫療過失與患者最終損害之間建立責任確立的因果關系，是比例式賠償路徑與其他法律模式的根本區別。比例式賠償實質上是規避責任確立因果關系的工具，無法提供更為公平的結果，適用範圍也難以界定。應當區分真正機會和不真正機會，只有具有不確定因素的真正機會才應獲得保護，其權利基礎為診療選擇權，在內容上為患者因喪失獲得較好診療結果的機會所致精神損害與純粹經濟利益損失。機會損害賠償與知情同意賠償相結合，可以更全面地保護患者自主權。 Present research is generally in favor of the introduction of proportional compensation model of loss of chance in medical malpractice liability. Comparative study shows that the fundamental difference between proportional compensation mode and other legal solutions is whether the causation requirement to establish liability is satisfied by the loss of chance theory. The nature of proportional compensation is the tool to evade the causal ment require. The right basis of indeterministic chance is patient's right of determination, including non-pecuniary damages and pure economic loss caused by the patient's loss of chance to better medical results, which is independent from the patient's ultimate damage. The patient's right to self-determination can be better protected by the loss of chance compensation along side with informed consent compensation.