從語言產出角度考察「ある．いる」的涵義與用法——日中對照研究

In the perspective of the language production to inspect of the meaning and usage of ＂ある．いる＂ between Japanese and Chinese

關於”??”和”??”的使用區別，在日語教學時，會以人和動物用”??”，除此之外則用”??”來做區分。但是，實際的語言現象發現屬於有情物的”子??（小孩）”及無情物的”????（機器人）”，”??”和”??”兩者都有使用。這類跳脫前述二分法的用法，往往會讓日語學習者感到混淆，不知該如何正確區分使用。另外，將”??”和”??”中譯後會發現所在句、所有句可譯為“有…”，存在句則譯為“在”，並沒有像日文有”??”和”??”的使用區別。因此，”??”和”??”的使用區分是學習者經常提出的問題。為使日語學習者能更精確地使用，從名言和諺語的例句來考察存在表達的涵義及用法。探討時下語言共識之下，有情的”??”和無情的”??”的區別在現今IT時代是否仍適用？並進一步分析有關”??．??””??．??”重疊部分的使用判斷基準，是否異於有情物”??”和無情物”??”的基本區分用法。 About the differentiated usage of ??(=iru)? is for people or animal (=living creatures),「??」for other things (=non-living things) in the on-the-spot teaching of Japanese, However, in practical phenomenon of application discovered that both ???? and ???? can be used in ?子??(=child)? which belongs to living creatures and ?????(=robot)? which doesn't. In this kind of application which escapes the previous dichotomy often confuses Japanese learners, not knowing how to differentiate its usage. Also, if you translate ???? and ???? into Chinese, in possessive sentences and presence sentences which would mean ?has,? and in the existential sentences which would mean ?is?, not as Japanese with the differentiation of ????and ???? Therefore, it is a question that Japanese learners often brought out. This thesis aimed at inspecting the meaning and usage of existential performance from examples of famous saying and proverbs, in order to be more precisely used by Japanese learners. In the wave of changes for time and consensus language, whether it is still applicable to differentiate ???? a non-living things and ???? a living creatures nowadays. Moreover to analyze whether the overlapping criteria of application in ???．??????．??? has deviated from the basic distinction for ???? a non-living things and ???? a living creatures.