健身運動、阿茲海默症與認知功能之關聯：APOE ε4之角色

The association of exercise, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive function: The role of APOE ε4

阿茲海默症為最常見的失智症類別，其呈現認知功能快速的衰退，嚴重影響個體獨立自主之能力。阿茲海默症與個體基因與所屬環境的關聯性較大，其中帶有APOE ε4基因者罹患阿茲海默症之風險最高。健身運動被視為正向的生活因子，可減緩認知衰退與維持大腦健康。本文之目的在以阿茲海默症為主軸，探討其與健身運動、認知功能間之關聯，內容包括阿茲海默症與APOE ε4之介紹、身體活動與健康帶APOE ε4者，以及健身運動與阿茲海默症患者之研究。本回顧發現，無論是否帶有APOE ε4，健身運動與減緩認知功能、神經，以及大腦結構之衰退有關。對於健康族群，無論是否為帶有APOE ε4者，皆獲得相似的健身運動效益。對於阿茲海默症患者，帶有APOE ε4者與未帶有APOE ε4者相較下，可能獲得較多健身運動之效益。未來研究建議可採用不同運動型態、不同APOE基因型態、不同性別，以及不同類別之認知功能等進一步探討，累積健身運動與阿茲海默症之間的關係之知識。 Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer's disease will result in hastened cognitive decline and loss of self-dependence. APOE ε4 carriers have the highest risk of Alzheimer's disease, compared to non-carriers. Exercise is recognized as one of several positive modifiable factors that could delay the speed of cognitive decline and maintain brain health. This review mainly focused on Alzheimer's disease, and its purpose was to examine the association between exercise and cognitive function. Specifically, we briefly describe the introduction of Alzheimer's disease and APOE ε4, while considering the literatures regarding the impact of physical activity on APOE ε4 carriers, and the literatures regarding the effects of exercise on patients with Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggested that exercise could reduce cognitive, neuron, and brain function decline, regardless of the subject being an APOE ε4 carrier or non-carrier. For the healthy population, the facilitation of cognition improvement between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers may be equivalent. For patients with Alzheimer's disease, APOE ε4 carriers may have larger benefits of improved cognitive function from exercise, compared to non-carriers. Future researches are encouraged in order to explore studies related to the relationship between exercise and Alzheimer's disease, especially in terms of exercise modality, APOE genotype, sex, and types of cognition. Then the accumulated knowledge derived from these studies should be applied for investigating special at-risk populations in the exercise-cognition field.