歐洲產業遺址再造下的勞動文化資產保存：以芬蘭坦佩雷市為例

The Preservation of Labour Culture Assets in Europe's Reconstructed Industrial Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Tampere, Finland

歐洲在1960年代起拉開了後工業社會的序幕，往後的數十年間產業外移持續發生。伴隨著一波波的關廠風潮，在這些過往的工業城市土地上，取而代之的是一個又一個產業遺址的浮現，如何在這些產業遺址上進行空間再造，成了城市治理的新鬥爭場域。在這個背景下，倡議打造見證該地勞動歷史和階級文化的勞工博物館運動，從上世紀七○年代開始在歐洲興起。這波浪潮後續在全球化城市治理的「文化轉向」下，進入了另一個發展的階段，一家家勞工博物館從上世紀八○年代陸續成立。本文以芬蘭的老工業城坦佩雷市為主要個案，透過實地訪談和文獻資料整理，來分析該市是如何將產業遺址改造成勞工博物館，以推動勞動文化資產的保存與發展，並進而探討在城市文化治理和右翼政治勢力的衝擊下，勞工博物館經營所面臨的挑戰與因應之道。 After the shift to a post-industrial society in the 1960s, more and more industrial heritage sites in place of closed/relocated factories appeared in Europe. In this context, how to reuse the left industrial sites turned into another battlefield of urban governance. Against the backdrop, the campaign for building labor museums to preserve working-class culture and historical memories emerged in the 1970s and turned out to be another type of urban social movement. Under the “cultural turn” since the 1980s, the movement entered a new stage and thus several labor museums have been formally established. Taking Tampere, the old industrial city in Finland, as a case study, this article demonstrates how the city reconstructed the industrial heritage sites to promote the preservation of labor culture assets during the past decades. The ways the labor museum has responded to the challenges under current political climate is also discussed through interviews and document analysis.