毒品犯再犯暴力犯罪之危險因子與社區處遇對策

Exploring risk factors of drug offenders reoffending violent crimes after releasing: Policy implications for community-based treatment

本文進行有關毒品施用者及暴力犯罪傾向關性之研究，透過國內外文獻及多目標決策（Multiple Criteria Decision Making, MCDM）等方法論，尋找毒品施用者及暴力犯罪傾向之再犯因子及高風險行為預測指標，本研究採用Herrera-Viedma等學者所提出之「一致性模糊偏好關係法」（consistent fuzzy preference relation, CFPR） 進行分析，以了解各暴力再犯因子構面與指標間之相對重要性，探討毒品犯暴力再犯因子，經由相關文獻整理，得到五大構面（個人基本特性、生活型態與風險環境、家庭／家族互動、生活情緒狀態／負面事件、偏差同儕／偏差家人）及19項風險因子與毒品犯再犯，息息相關。因此，本研究邀集多位具有毒品犯罪防治、觀護制度與社區處遇、精神醫療、刑事法學與社會工作等背景之學者與實務工作者，進行專家偏好分析問卷調查，計算各構面與風險因子之權重。透過多目標決策分析後發現，偏差友伴與家人是造成毒品犯再犯暴力犯罪行為之高風險因子，其次為生活情緒狀態／負面事件以及參與幫派經驗等。根據本研究，提出適切的社區處遇輔導建議，包含：（一）針對毒品施用者給予「治療」以替代「刑罰」；（二）觀護與社政應聯合提供毒品犯穩定的工作機會；（三）刑事後門策略應該多多給予毒品犯機會；（四）建立獎勵機制以提高毒品犯參加處遇活動之頻率。（五）協助毒品犯改善居住環境或遠離風險環境；（六）利用風險因子之權重設計量表，以預測高風險毒品施用者，並加強處遇與監控。 This study aims to link the relations between drug abusers and their tendency of committing violent crime after releasing from correctional facilities and further to investigate the reoffending factors or high risk predictors among those drug offenders who have committed violent crimes in communities. Two research methods were appropriately employed in this study, namely literature review and multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. Based on the literature, the prior studies indicated that those drug offenders who are more likely to commit aggressive behaviors or violent crimes have been identified 19 risk factors which can be classified into five dimensions: personal characteristics, lifestyle/pattern and risk environment, interactions between family members, emotional status/ negative life events, and deviant family members/peers. Then, in order to identify which risk factors are highly correlated to those drug offenders getting involved in violent crimes, a Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relation (CFPR) approach has been conducted in advanced. A number of scholars and experts with different backgrounds of drug and violent crime, mental health, criminal law, social work and probation practice, etc. have been invited to participate in a round-table panel where they were conducting an expert preference analysis questionnaire survey. The results from CFPR analysis indicated that among those five risk dimensions, deviant peers and family members are the highest risk factors, followed by emotional status/ negative life event and gangster experience, respectively. Policy implications for those probation officers are addressed in final.