跨境毒品販運之實證研究

An Empirical Research on Cross-Border Drug Trafficking

研究犯罪問題，不能脫離犯罪所依附的社會背景。社會背景是一種變動的狀態，犯罪在其中，影響許多社會的、文化的、政治的及經濟的決定因素，也被這些決定因素所影響。在現代化過程當中，犯罪始終是一個寂靜的伴隨者。近年來，在全球化浪潮衝擊下，兩岸四地採取自由開放措施，排除阻礙金融、貨物、人員、資訊流通的藩籬，貿易與金融商品於兩岸間流動的數量快速增加。全球化，顯然也為犯罪創造了新的及有利的社會背景。在全球化的影響下，治安問題產生質與量的變化，違法者針對違法行為的構思與安排愈加複雜，犯罪已不再是單純的地區性問題，跨境犯罪儼然成為海峽兩岸刑事司法部門重要的執法標的。根據法務部資料顯示，2017年底矯正機關總收容人數為62,315人，其中毒品犯罪收容人數為30590人，占總收容人數的49.09％。另根據該部「毒品犯罪防制工作年報」資料，多類查獲毒品（如海洛因、大麻、愷他命等）來源來自境外的比例甚高，顯見亟需針對毒品販運問題思考有效的防制對策。本文係以「情境犯罪預防」（Situational Crime Prevention）的思維為基礎，透過犯罪腳本分析（Crime Script Analysis），建構跨境犯罪預防策略的一項實證研究。情境犯罪預防在操作上，需先選定某一特定類型犯罪，然後蒐集、分析該犯罪的系統性資料，解析犯罪過程，辨識促進因子，繼而提出阻礙犯罪發生或進行的方法，以達犯罪預防之效。本研究乃以案件數量龐大、損害嚴重的海峽兩岸跨境毒品販運為標的犯罪，蒐集與分析近6年（2009－2015年）臺灣各地方法院有關該犯罪的有罪判決裁判書，共計361件，以及針對10名熟悉偵辦該犯罪的執法人員進行深度訪談。經上述實證資料分析後，本研究建構跨境毒品販運的犯罪腳本，並提出對應腳本的情境犯罪預防策略。 The study of criminal issues cannot be separated from the social background to which the crime is attached. The social background is a state of change in which crimes affect many social, cultural, political, and economic determinants, and are also influenced by these determinants. In the modernization process, crime has always been a silent companion. In recent years, under the impact of globalization, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have adopted free and open measures to eliminate obstacles to the circulation of finance, goods, people, and information, and the number of trade and financial goods flowing between the two sides has increased rapidly. Globalization has obviously also created new and favorable social backgrounds for crimes. Under the influence of globalization, the issue of public order has qualitative and quantitative changes. The plan and arrangement of law-breakers for illegal activities are becoming increasingly complex. Crime is no longer a purely regional issue. Cross-border crime has become an important subject of law enforcement in both sides of Taiwan Strait. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Justice in Taiwan, at the end of 2017, the drug criminals accounted for 49.09% of the total criminals imprisoned in correctional institutions. According to the ＂Annual Report of Drug Crimes Prevention＂ of the Ministry, the proportion of seized drugs (such as heroin, marijuana, and Ketamine) from overseas sources is very high. It is clear that there is an urgent need to consider effective prevention and control measures against drug trafficking. This article is based on the thinking of ＂Situational Crime Prevention＂ and uses crime script analysis to construct the cross-border crime prevention strategies. For the operation of situational crime prevention, it is necessary to select a particular type of crime first, then collect and analyze the systematic data of the crime, analyze the criminal process, identify the facilitating factors, and then propose ways to prevent the crime from happening or proceeding. With a large number of cases and serious damages, cross-border drug trafficking on both sides of the Taiwan Straits is the targeted crime in this study. This research has collected and analyzed guilty verdict documents of this specific crime from district courts of Taiwan for the past 6 years (2009-2015), a total of 361 cases. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 law enforcement officers familiar with the crime. After analyzing the above empirical data, this study constructed a crime script for cross-border drug trafficking and proposed the corresponding situational crime prevention strategies.