幫派行業活動與犯罪關係之研究

A study on the relation between gangs' industry activities and crime offences

一、研究緣起與目的：由於國內目前對於犯罪幫派之犯罪行為與介入合法行業之系統性與科學實證研究並不多，因此，本研究欲以系統性之實證方式對於犯罪幫派之發展與對合法行業之介入進行瞭解與研究。二、研究方法及過程：以2016年12月31日為基準日，就官方所現有之資料進行統計分析，包括幫派之歸納屬性，合法、非法之活動或圍事與投資經營行業，在全數713個幫派組合母群中，以隨機抽樣方式抽取計143個研究樣本。三、研究發現：幫派組合高度集中在大都會地區，其中又以北部地區為最高，而暴力犯罪為最主要之犯罪態樣，其中又以竹聯幫、天道盟及四海幫為從事暴力犯罪之前三名，娛樂業（特種工商行業）為幫派圍事與投資經營比例最高之行業，其次為投資經營民俗廟宇業及砂石營造業。迴歸分析顯示，規模越大的幫派從事暴力犯罪的可能性越高；成員中有學生少年者，是從事民俗廟宇業之高度風險因子，竹聯幫等三大幫亦為吸收學生少年所占比例前三高之幫派，而活動在北部或中部地區、規模大、有學生少年成員的幫派組合等，對於特定犯罪行為與圍事或投資經營特定行業都是高風險的因子。四、主要建議事項：（一）竹聯幫等三大幫派應列為聚焦打擊之優先對象。（二）持續推動檢肅幫派之暴力犯罪、槍枝、毒品、職業賭場等作為。（三）幫派吸收未成年及學生應加強教育宣導、預防與查緝。（四）幫派滲入需要專業程度較高須具備特許資格之行業應速研議因應作為。（五）幫派圍事及投資經營比例最高之娛樂、賭博遊樂等行業，應運用策略加強查察取締。 This study explored the gangs' offenses intervening legal industries through scientific and empirical approaches. Studies on related subject are rare but actually significant and essential. The author analyzed data from official databases accessed on 31 Dec. 2016. What are analyzed and designed as variables includes gangs' attributes, legal or illegal activities, protection racket or business investment. 143 gang samples were randomly sampled from a population of 713 gangs collected by the government. The study finds that the majority of gangs are highly centralized in metropolises especially in the northern Taiwan. Violent offenses are the major crime gangs commit. Sin industry is the main crime industry that gangs invest most in and run a protection racket for while temple management and sand and gravel mining industry come second. The larger a gang is, the more frequently it commits violent crime. Gangs with activities in the north or middle part of Taiwan, large scale or recruit of teenagers are those with high-risk factors to certain offenses and industries. Five suggestions and strategies were proposed in the study based on the results as follows: 1. To give the priority to suppression of so called ＂Three Big Gangs＂. 2. To continue further investigation of the violent offenses, guns, drugs, illegal casinos of gangs. 3. To promote legal education among students and minors. 4. To research and prevent gangs from involving industries which require higher skills and government permission. 5. To enhance and utilize strategies to crack down the sin industries, such as gambling, controlled by gangs.