火場通風排煙配置對於消防搶救安全性模擬分析之研究──以鐵皮結構建築物為例

The Study of Relations Between Smoke Ventilation’s Configuration and the Effectiveness in Fire Rescue - An Example of a Tin Building

本研究針對於鐵皮工廠或是鐵皮加蓋建築，如果發生火警時，該如何破壞製造開口，增加排煙效率，使內部搶救人員增加救災安全性。利用縮小比例模型，依個人救災經驗，設定特定開口位置與大小，利用消防搶救時常用設備「送風機」，模擬各種通風排煙戰術組合，藉此研究煙層路徑與排煙效率，找出最適合開口位置與風機位置，藉此研究得出結論，希望能夠在救災實務上有所幫助，致使消防人員能在相對安全環境下執行救災任務。研究結果指出，1.開口製造方面－開口位置選擇遠較製造開口大小來的重要，在消防人力有限情況下，選擇對的開口位置，可以有效增加排煙效率，並驗證得知未來消防排煙戰術方面可以朝此目標去加強訓練。2.送風機位置選擇方面－風機的風錐體涵蓋全部開口面積為宜，而不是任意擺放或是越近越好，以期達成最佳排煙效率。若開口過大，可選擇風機與進風開口距離加大，或是將開口遮蔽一小部分，目的是讓風錐體能涵蓋整個開口範圍。 This study targeted on the issue of how to create an breaking point in the fire scene as well as increasing the smoke exhaust efficiency in order to increase the safety of res-cue and re-lief personnel in fire accidents occurred on metal-sheet factories or met-al-sheet-add-on buildings. This research, using reduced scale model and basing on in-dividual disaster relief experiences as well as setting a specific location and size of the breaking point and utilized a ''blower'' which is often applied in fire rescue, simulated various tactic combination of ex-haust ventilation and thereby studied the fume path and smoke exhaust efficiency in order to identify the most suitable locations for breaking point and blower, hoping to obtain insight-ful conclusion to thedisaster relief practices, as well it enables firefighters to perform rescue tasks in a relatively safe en-vironment.The results concluded that, 1. the location of an breaking point seemed far more im-portant than its size. Under the manpower limit of firefighters, selecting the right loca-tion of a breaking point could effectively increase the smoke exhaust. 2. In order to achieve optimum exhaust efficiency, The blower location would be better for wind cone of blower to cover the entire opening area, rather than it was arbitrarily placed or as close as possible. If the break-ing point is too large, then either the distance between blower and inlet breaking point can be increased or a small portion of the breaking point can be shielded to enable the wind cone of the blower to cover the entire opening range.