從「被食」到「自食」的集體恐懼： 以《東京喰種》為觀察核心的食人考察

From “is eaten” “is self-supporting ”the collective to fear: About "Tokyo Ghoul" the anthropophagy inspects

以「食人」意象作為創作主體的漫畫作品，除了帶有驚悚性，另一面也引發了人們對於「被食」的心理恐懼，然而關於食人行為本身，是否具有合理性及道德性？何以人們自然而然的會對食人感到恐懼？本文透過食人作品的分類與類型分析，進行相關於「食人之風」的探討，並以《東京喰種》為討論核心，說明食人模式的演變，並討論在這當中涉及何種道德觀念及心態的轉變。尤其在食用者與被食用者身份錯置這一方面，構成了《東京喰種》這部作品中最為的核心的論述主體；在傳統食人作品的描述手法上，多半以被食者的視角為出發點，從一開始的恐懼、奔逃，逐步演進到團結抗拒，這是被食者所能達到的反抗過程，但在《東京喰種》中，被食者透過「聖餐」的行為，達到翻轉為食用者的地位，進而形構出奇特有的食人觀點。

By “anthropophagy” the image took the creation main body the cartoon work， except had is frightened the nature， the other aspect also initiates the people regarding “ate” the psychology to fear， however about food person behavior itself， whether had the rationality and moral? How do the people naturally will feel the fear to the anthropophagy? This article penetrates the food person work the classification and the type analysis， carries on the correlation “anthropophagy” the discussion， and take ＂Tokyo Ghoul＂ as the discussion core， explained the anthropophagy pattern the evolution， and discusses in the middle of this involves what kind of morality and the point of view transformation. In edible with wrong is set on the one hand especially by the edible status this， constituted ＂Tokyo Ghoul＂ in this work the most core elaboration main body; In the traditional food person work description technique， mostly take by the eating angle of view as the starting point， from the very beginning fear， flees， gradually evolution to unity resistance， this is the revolt process which can achieve by eating， but in ＂Tokyo Ghoul＂， by eating penetration “holy communion” the behavior， achieves the turn over for the edible status， then shape construction extraordinary unique food person viewpoint.