論王禎和〈嫁妝一牛車〉「底」字的語法功能與修辭效果

On the Syntax Function and Rhetorical Effect of Di (底) in the 'An Oxcart for Dowry' by Zhenhe Wang

〈嫁粧一牛車〉發表於一九六七年，為王禎和第六篇短篇小說。全文共出現四百三十六個屬於虛詞之「底」字，較諸文中功能類近的「的」、「地」兩個助詞的用例總數，仍然高出近三百次左右，為王禎和小說裏最為特殊的一篇文字實驗範例。本文自語法功能與修辭角度分析〈嫁粧一牛車〉中「底」字的各種表現方式，認為〈嫁〉文中的「成」字共有：「構成『底』字短語修飾名詞」、「構成『底』字短語代替名詞」以及「置於句末作為語尾助詞」三種語法功能。廣用「底」字的修辭效果展現在：呈示並強化主角「萬發」緩慢遲滯、猶疑憤忌的官想世界；以拙稚、冗贅與拗折的語言句型呼應社會底層人物原始、不加修飾的情欲狀態與表現方式；以一古雅之特殊語彙（「底」字）作為語法變造的軸心，藉以輔助各種句型語彙之扭曲變形，終而呈現出一個獨立完足抑且陌生疏離的語言世界；而此一陌生化了的語言世界所對應之價值世界，乃是一個在足衣飽食、情慾糾葛和存在尊嚴之間來回衝突之既怪異且荒疏的倫理價值世界。 An Oxcart for Dowry' published in 1967 was the sixth short story and the most unique experimental work written by Zhenhe Wang, where the particles giving similar syntax functions, such as De (的) and Di (地), were much less employed in the context when compared with the function word Di (底) giving a similar function to those structural particles. The latter one appeared four hundred and thirty-six times in this short story, while the total number of the former ones was only close to one hundred and fifty. This paper analyzes the syntax function and rhetorical effect of Di(底) appearing in this short story, where three basic syntax functions, such as adjective phrase, pronoun phrase and finial particle can be concluded. The usage of the function word Di (底) provides the following rhetorical effects m this short story. First, it represents and emphasizes the sluggishness, doubt and anger in the sensory world of the main character, Wanfa. Second, it reflects the awkward, childish and verbose language style of illiterates, who express their feeling in a primitive and direct way. Third, an independent, unfamiliar and discrete language world can be created by starting from this special function word Di (底) with the help of distortion and transformation of various sentence patterns. And last, this foreign language world is adopted to reveal the conflict among physical living, desire entanglement and human dignity in a weird and desolate moral world.