試談幾個研究「東亞現代主義文學」的新框架──以臺灣為例

New Frames for the Study of East Asian Modernist Literature: The Case of Taiwan

本文試圖陳列一些初步概念，從比較的視野來檢視二十世紀以來在不同東亞地區文學史上佔有舉足輕重地位的「美學現代主義」。文中首先以布迪歐和柏格的理論為基礎，探索如何建立一個研究這個課題的理論框架。其後提出「時空意識差異」、「文學史發展週期」等分析概念來幫助梳理東亞各文學傳統間參差平行、不對等互動的複雜關係。並以臺灣戰後現代文學運動為例，說明這個研究方向對系統性探究現代華文文學發展系譜所可能產生的貢獻。 With reference to such theoretical concepts as Pierre Bourdieu’s “field of cultural production” and Peter Bürger’s “literature as a modern institution,” this article explores new analytical frameworks for studies of East Asian literature from a comparative perspective, albeit in a preliminary manner. Special emphasis is given to literary modernism, which has been introduced to various East Asian societies in different parts of the last century, sometimes repeatedly, and accounted for some of their most accomplished artistic output. The article also tries to identify some key critical notions essential for more nuanced examinations of cross-currents in literary traditions of different East Asian regions, such as the disjunctive forms of temporality and spatiality, and the overdetermined evolutionary cycles of artistic trends and genres. As a way to exemplify the broader implications of this new research direction for the study of modern Chinese literary history, the concluding section zeroes in on thoughtfully conceived aesthetic projects launched by major modernist writers in postwar Taiwan.