日、臺間的漢文關係──殖民地時期臺灣古典詩歌知識論的重構與衍異

Chinese' between Japan and Taiwan: The Reconstruction and Difference on the Epistemology of Taiwanese Chinese Classical Forms of Poetry in the Japanese Colonial Period

西元1895年至1945年間，臺灣成為日本殖民地，藉由語言／文學／文化系統下的「漢文」做為一種中介，日、臺間衍生出各式錯綜複雜的交混、角力關係。這種以「漢文」為基礎所形成的「同文」關係，雖有殖民統治的緊張、壓抑或頡頏、能動面向，但也不乏漢字圈的跨界交往、流動情境，呈顯出對立史觀之外的多種可能性。對此，本文不同過往偏從殖民統治框架看待雙方「同文」關係，本文更聚焦於日、台間的漢文跨界流動，及其所帶來的詩歌知識生產的考察，在日人目前亦少關切的殖民地漢詩論域，去思考日本漢詩對於臺灣而言，究竟意味著什麼？其在治臺的關鍵時刻，如何被引用、挪用或拉扯、抗拒？日本漢詩的輸入來臺，將形成何種知識化過程？如何被處理、思考、編纂、分類或批評？而來自異域的知識如何轉化成自我的範疇，安置在臺人的古典文學知識系統中？此一過程是資源分享？亦或是同文的新傷？臺人的漢文想像究竟會經歷怎樣的思維演繹？漢文邊界是否產生變化？對於臺灣古典文學知識的生產／消費又有何影響？文學知識新秩序的跨界平衡／重組如何進行？大抵，本文要從跨界流動語境中嘗試提出一個新觀察角度，但這並非通盤否定過去殖民抵抗的主流論述，只是要把問題推向更為廣闊的視域，以觀察若干可能遭受遮蔽的問題。文章內容分由「日人來臺：殖民／跨界的漢文活動新頁」、「日本漢詩的脈絡化：臺灣報章及『詩話』的進口／轉手知識」、「『風雅』論及其他：臺灣古典詩歌知識論的轉變／轉換」三方面，進行殖民地日、臺漢詩接觸與形變關係的剖析，以呈現出日治時代臺灣古典詩歌知識論的重構與衍異狀態。 During the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945) in Taiwan, 'Chinese' as an intermediary referring to language, literature, and culture, it gave rise to a variety of intricate hybrid and wrestling relationships between Japan and Taiwan. Although this relation, 'of the same language' grounded on 'Chinese', reflects the tense, suppressive, competing, or movable dimensions towards the colonial governance, it also reveals the transborder interactions within the 'Chinese Character Circle' among Japanese and Taiwanese traditional clerisy. With the emergence of these fluid situations, multiple possibilities are shown beyond opposite historical perspectives. This thesis tries to avoid familiar 'anti-colonial governance perspective' in observing the 'of the same language' relationships. Moreover, this thesis focuses on the transborder flows on 'Chinese' between Japan and Taiwan, and investigates the knowledge production from the fluid situations. In the realm of Chinese classical forms of poetry in colonial Taiwan, that is still an untouched subject for Japanese researchers, below are a series of questionable points presented throughout the discussion: What significance does Japanese Chinese classical forms of poetry bring to Taiwan? How is it being quoted and appropriated, or being dragged and resisted at the crucial moment of the colonial governance? Then, as Japanese Chinese classical forms of poetry being imported, how is it being viewed, classified, compiled and criticized? What is the process of being categorized into the line of knowledge? In addition, how dose a knowledge system from a foreign land transform into local epistemology of Taiwanese classical literature? Is the transformation a resource sharing or harm from 'of the same language' relation? Therefore, what kind of deduction will happen to the 'Chinese imagination' of Taiwanese? Does the border of 'Chinese' slide? Eventually, what influence will bring towards the production and consumption of Taiwanese classical literature knowledge? How does the transborder equilibration and reconstruction proceed under a new order of literature knowledge? On the whole, this thesis attempts to provide a new viewpoint from the context of transborder flow. However, this route is by no means a total repudiation to former mainstream postcolonial discourse. In this way, a wider horizon is opened up in order to survey those potentially hidden questions. From three folds of aspects at issue: 'Japanese come to Taiwan: a new page of colonial and transborder 'Chinese' ', ' the contextualization of Japanese Chinese classical forms of poetry: the imported and passed-down knowledge of Taiwan journalism and 'Shi-Hwua' ', and ' 'Fong-Ya' Discourse and others: the conversion and transformation on the epistemology of Taiwanese Chinese classical forms of poetry', this thesis analyze the interaction and modification among Japanese and Taiwanese Chinese poetry in colonial background, so as to present the reconstruction and difference on the epistemology of Taiwanese Chinese classical forms of poetry under Japanese rule.