老人進入日間照顧中心之基本心理需求滿足之研究──以自我決定理論分析

Elderly People’s Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction at DayCare Centers: An Analysis Based on Self-Determination Theory

本研究運用Deci與Ryan所提出之自我決定理論為基礎，探討老人本身的自主性、勝任感及關聯感之基本心理需求滿足對使用日間照顧之影響。本文採用訪談法針對臺南市某日間照顧中心的7位老人與中心主任進行質性資料的蒐集及分析。研究發現：（1）老人取得子女溝通資訊與日照中心的尊重差異影響老人自主性；（2）老化的身心狀況影響生活之勝任感；（3）老人行動能力及工作人員與家屬互動強度影響情感關聯感。循此，本研究依研究發現提出幾項建議：（1）建立使用日照服務之前執行家庭會談與服務體驗；（2）尊重老人個別性需求以提高自主性選擇；（3）老後心理的增權以培養生活勝任能力；（4）建立失能運動課程與音樂輔療以增強老人對活動的勝任感；（5）落實友善環境情境與親子活動提高老人情感連結程度。 This study use the self-determination theory proposed by Deci and Ryan to explore the influence of the basic psychological needs of elderly people on their autonomy, competence, and relatedness to day-care services. The study analyzes qualitative data collected through interviews with seven elderly and one center manager from the day-care center in Tainan City. The findings indicate that elderly people do not receive sufficient information from their family members regarding the day-care centers. In addition, day-care centers are unable to understand and respect the diversities and personal needs of elderly people. Due to aging and certain psychological conditions, the selfcompetence is likely to decline among elderly people. As a result of restricted mobility, the interaction between elderly people and their family members day-care staff greatly affects their self-relevance. The following suggestions are proposed in this study: (1) Day-care centers can provide home visitation to discuss the services offered with the elderly people and their family members. The day-care centers can invite elderly people to attend trial sessions, thereby enabling them to visualize and thoroughly understand the services offered; (2) Day-care centers must increase elderly people's self-liberty by respecting and recognizing each individual's needs; (3) Day-care centers must acknowledge that empowering elderly people will increase their life competencies; (4) Day-care centers can increase elderly people's self-competence by engaging them in modified sports activities, dance, and music; (5) Day-care centers can build a friendly environment among elderly people and the day-care staff and arrange activities involving family members to enable healthy family bonding.