臺灣、中國、香港及新加坡國（初）中國語文教科書老人形象之分析研究

Analysis of Images of the Elderly in Chinese-Language Junior High School Textbooks in Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, and Singapore

本研究對臺灣、中國、香港及新加坡中學四地國語文教科書，進行量化及質性內容分析，探討老人形象意涵。研究發現：在次數與分布方面，老人出現的課次比例不高，人物角色以「祖父母」比例最高，且老人的性別角色和職業角色仍呈現刻板印象；在詞彙方面，以正、負面詞彙描繪老人為處在不利條件下仍表現出利他的群體；在四地呈現老人主題的個別取向方面，臺灣康軒版已出現日常生活中老人自我實現的形象；中國人教版以老人生命經驗傳遞階級、戰爭、國族等政治議題，且文學性濃厚；香港啟思版重視基層職業老人的存在與貢獻；新加坡教育版呈現古今老人多元樣貌及其社會貢獻；在老人形象建構上有四個面向，包括：日常生活的照顧者及被照顧者、生命經驗／智慧與文化的傳承者、高低職業階層的貢獻者、面對老境的不同詮釋者。

This study explored the significance of images of the elderly in Chinese- language high school textbooks from publishers in Taiwan， Mainland China， Hong Kong， and Singapore， using quantitative and qualitative methods. The results revealed that the elderly seldom appear in textbooks. The most common elderly characters are grandparents. Gender and occupational stereotypes still exist. The active and passive rhetoric in the target textbooks shows the elderly as altruistic in unfavorable situations. More specifically， Taiwanese textbooks emphasize the elderly’s self-actualization. Mainland Chinese textbooks describe them through political issues such as classes， wars， and patriotism. Hong Kong textbooks often comment on the life experiences of lower-class elderly people. Singaporean textbooks show the variety of character among elderly people and their social contribution. Images of the elderly are founded on caring for others and being cared for in daily life; transmitting their life experience， wisdom and culture; making a contribution in both the upper and lower classes; and reinterpreting the meaning of the old.