臺灣在全球環境變遷下的脆弱性研究與發展

Research and Development on Global Environmental Changes to Vulnerability in Taiwan

本研究目的在回顧國際上脆弱性研究的相關文獻，以瞭解脆弱性研究如何發展，及其主要的研究議題、取徑與方法為何。並同時反省國內脆弱性研究的缺失，進而提供國內未來可能的研究議題與方向，希冀有更多與國際學術界進行對話的空間。研究顯示國外的脆弱性研究，早期多強調自然災害或社會賦權不足所引起的脆弱性。近期新興的研究趨勢為社會－－生態系統的脆弱性研究，非僅聚焦於單一自然壓力源所造成的多重結果，而以耦合的觀點，闡述脆弱性的機制和過程，並強調動態及彈性的特性，包括社會網絡、制度或組織的慣習、調適能力及治理等概念。反觀國內研究，不僅研究數量不足且缺乏理論論述、研究議題及方法論的探討。建議國內未來在研究脆弱性議題時，除了針對全球環境變遷下特定的壓力源進行分析外，更可朝向全球氣候變遷與全球化經濟的「雙重暴露」，進行區域間的脆弱性評估，並以國內社會特質為基礎，探討不同地方、族群、性別、社經條件及治理制度的調適與脆弱性。在研究方法上，國內目前尚未發展適合臺灣且健全的脆弱性評估方法，建議國內在進行脆弱性研究時需先考量「尺度」的問題，可以多元方法論整合國家及地方層級進行兩階段的評估模式，不僅凸顯地方性且可豐富量化研究的不足。

The purpose of this research is to review related references on vulnerability worldwide in order to understand both how it develops and what its main research issues, methodology and approaches are. At the same time, this research examines shortcomings of domestic studies so as to provide possible research issues and approaches for future studies. More opportunities to discuss with international research community are also expected. Studies indicate that research abroad put more emphasis on natural hazard or on the vulnerability caused by lack of entitlement at early stages. However, the newly risen trend does not focuse on multiple results coming from a single physical stress, but on social-ecological system. Furthermore, by using coupled manners, the mechanism and process of vulnerability are expounded. Characteristics in dynamics and resilience including social network, institutions, habits in organizations, adaptive capacity, and governance are also being emphasized. On the other hand, domestic research lacks not only in quantity but also in studies concerning theoretic statements, research issues, and methodology. In consequence, this research suggests that in addition to analyzing particular stressors under global environmental changes, double exposure, which consists of global climate change and economic globalization, is another pointer to proceed regional vulnerability assessment. Last but not the least, studies on adaptation and vulnerability of different places, races, sex, socioeconomic conditions, and governing system should be based on domestic social features.As for research methodology, suitable and sound assessment approaches on vulnerability have not yet been developed in Taiwan. As a result, it is suggested that the issue of scale should be first taken into consideration when conducing vulnerability research. Also, methodological triangulation should be applied with a view to integrating national and local level so as to proceed two-stage assessment mode. This way, locality are made evident and insufficient quantity of studies would be enriched.