法國法社會學的發展與轉型－－兼議中國語境下的法學研究範式之爭

The Development and Transformation of French Legal Sociology : A Reference to the Paradigm Disputes of Legal Studies in China

法國的法社會學研究在第二次世界大戰之後得到了極大的發展，並以其鮮明的特點在國際法社會學領域佔有重要的位置。與中國學界相對熟知的美國的“法與社會”運動相比，一方面，法國法社會學研究的理論範式與研究方法都呈現出了複雜多元的特徵，另一方面，它也表現出了一定的趨同化發展路徑，尤其是更為關注“法律與政治的關係”這一研究主題。作為法律外部視角的法社會學學科發展具有高度的語境性，它與法學的距離，往往取決於一個國家特定時期法制體系的完善程度和法學學科的閉合程度。相較於美國的法社會學研究傳統，法國的法社會學研究與中國社會的土壤更為接近，對其學科特點的研究，可以為中國法學界近年來熱議的法學研究範式之爭以及法社會學的學科定位等問題帶來有益的參考。

French legal sociology has been developed greatly after World War II, and plays an important role in the academic world with its distinctive features. Comparing to the Law and Society movement in the US, its theoretical paradigms and methodologies are more complex and more diverse. On the other hand, it also shows some certain assimilation tendencies. Especially, more and more researches pay attention to the relations between law and politics. On the basis of analysis on these characteristics, this article argues that, as an external perspective of law, the development of legal sociology is highly contextualist; its distance to law often depends on the perfection degree of legal system and the closure degree of legal studies in one country of specific period. Compared with the American tradition, French legal sociology is closer to and more suitable for the Chinese circumstance. Therefore, the study on French legal sociology can be a beneficial reference to the hot academic topics in recent years-the paradigm disputes of legal studies, as well as the disciplinary orientation of legal sociology in China.