國際經貿投資規則對履行要求的規制

Regulation of Performance Requirementsin the context of International Trade and Investment Treaties

履行要求是東道國行使國家規制權對外國投資者及其投資施加的一種規制措施，對保障外國投資促進東道國可持續發展發揮重要作用。但履行要求對外國投資的規制，與以保護投資為根本目標的國際投資規則之間存在一定的衝突，引發了對國際投資規則應否禁止履行要求以及多大限度內禁止履行要求的分歧。鑒於禁止履行要求不是習慣國際法規則，包括投資協定和貿易協定在內的國際經貿投資規則對履行要求的規制、對東道國規制權的限制，取決於締約方的發展戰略、外資政策和具體權利義務配置。承諾與例外結合、權利與義務平衡，應是正確選擇。中國“入世”作出的履行要求承諾，可能使中國面臨挑戰。

Performance Requirements (PRs) are in essence measures host country governments take exercising right to regulate on foreign investors and their investments, promoting the benefits of foreign investments to sustainable development in host country. There is controversy on whether or not and to what extent PRs should be prohibited owing to the dual feature of PRs and non-conclusive result of the empirical effectiveness assessment of PRs. Regulation of PRs by International investment treaties should take into account right of the host country to regulate, and general prohibition with various exceptions balancing rights and obligations between the host country and home country may be the best approach to tackle the issue. The WTO commitments concerning PRs China made may it difficult for China to develop its PRs policy.