網絡空間中犯罪預備行為的制裁思路與體系完善──截至《刑法修正案（九）》的網絡預備行為規制體系的反思

The Sanction System of the Criminal Preparation in the Network Space and the the Ways to Improve It–The Reflection on the Regulation System of Cybercrime Preparation up to 'Amendment VI to the Criminal Law'

預備行為的獨立正犯化即獨立犯罪化是刑法預防犯罪的重要理念和技術。犯罪預備行為在網絡空間往往實現多種“一對多”的預備情形，威脅重要法益，同時經常是犯罪完成的關鍵，危害實現的可能性高，具有處罰必要性。當前刑事立法和司法制裁網絡犯罪預備行為的模式是正犯化，特別是罪名的獨立化。然而，總則中預備犯制裁條款的發動在實體上和程序上都面臨諸多困難，分則中預備犯正犯化成為重要趨向，但這並非唯一可取的制裁模式。針對現有網絡犯罪預備行為制裁體系的缺陷，解決入罪標準過高而刑罰幅度過低、網絡犯罪預備行為的犯罪未完成責任弱化、立法正犯化的非法利用信息網絡罪入罪行為範圍寬嚴失調三個核心問題，實現刑事制裁體系的合理化調整而非變革是切實可行的。

The behaviour of the preparation for crimes are transforming to the dependent act of perpetraton transforming to the dependent crimes, which is the crucial idea and technology of the crime prevention. The behaviour of the preparation for the crimes in the network space always implements a variety of 'one to many' status, which has threatened the legal interests and been the key of completing crimes, so that it has a high possibility of completing damage that needs to be punished. Current sanction system of criminal legislation and the criminal justice on the behaviour of the preparation for network crimes is transforming to the act of perpetrating of specific provision of criminal law which also means transforming to the dependent accusation. However, the implement of the sanction system of the behaviour of the preparation in the general provisions of criminal law encounters many difficulties in the entity and the procedure. Therefore, focusing on deficiencies of the criminal sanctions system of the behaviour of the preparation for the network crimes, the criminal law should solve three core problems, which includes the high standard of transforming to the act of perpetrating but low range of the penalty, the justice's failing of dealing with the responsibility of the preparative crime and the aborted crime, and the imbalanced crime scope of the network crime of illegal use of information. It is the inevitable direction to realize the scientization of the criminal sanctions system.