地方法治概念證成－－基於治權自主的法理闡釋

On the Justification of Local Rule of Law: Based on the Jurisprudence Interpretation of Governing Autonomy

“法治江蘇”“法治浙江”“法治廣東”等地方法治實踐的興起，引發了學者們對地方法治概念的理論爭議。質疑者認為主權是現代法治概念的基礎，地方不是獨立的法治單元體，故而地方法治概念不能成立。肯定者從地方法治發展的主客觀動力因素出發，分別提出先行法治論、地域文化論、地方競爭論和國家試錯論等四種代表性學說，但均未闡明受質疑的地方法治的權力基礎，故而難以有效證成地方法治概念。主權與治權相分離是地方法治概念的法理基礎，憲法、法律中有關地方治權形態與治權事項的規定是地方法治概念的制度依據，中央主導下的地方治權自主是地方法治概念的社會實效性根據。治權自主理論的提出，有助於明確地方法治概念的主體層級、評判地方法治實踐以及合理界定地方法治與國家法治的關係。

The rule of law practices in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces arouse scholars' disputes on the concept of the local rule of law. Scholars holding opposing views believe that sovereignty is the foundation of the modern rule of law concept, and the local is not an independent unit for the rule of law. Thus, the concept of local rule of law is disconfirmed. Scholars supporting the view put forward rule of law in advance theory, regional culture theory, regional competition theory and national trial and error theory from the subjective and objective motivating factors in the local rule of law development. But due to the absence of pointing out the power basis of local rule of law, these theories do not effectively justify the local rule of law concept. The governing power of the local is the legal basis of the concept of rule of law; the provisions of the local governing power in the constitution and legislation are institutional basis of the local rule of law; and the local governing autonomy dominated by the central is the social practical basis of the local rule of law. Governing autonomy theory helps to make sure the subject level of local rule of law concept, evaluate the local rule of law practices and reasonably define the relationship between the national rule of law and the local rule of law.