論國際民商事條約的適用－－以國際民商事條約與國際私法的關係為視角

On the Application of International Civil and Commercial Treaties

國際條約以“轉化”及“納入”的方式在一國發生法律效力。在“轉化”方式下，國際民商事實體性條約是以國內法的形式出現，以國際私法的指引而得到適用。在“納入”方式下，國際民商事實體性條約的適用有“非國際私法模式”和“國際私法模式”兩種。中國《民法通則》第142條第2款和《聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》第1條第1款(b)項屬於“法際私法”，解決國內不同法律之間的適用關係，它只有在“國際私法模式”下才得以適用。

International treaties normally become legally effective in a domestic legal system through the approaches of 'transformation' and 'incorporation'. Under the approach of 'transformation', the international treaties concerning substantive law are transformed into parts of domestic law, which can be applied under the guidance of private international law. Under the approach of 'incorporation', the application of the international treaties concerning substantive law could be divided into two models: 'the mode of excluding private international law' and 'the mode under the guidance of private international law'. Both article l42 (2) of the General Principles of the Civil Law of PRC and article 1. 1 (b) of the CISG are 'private inter-legal law', rules dealing with the application of different laws in a country, and these two can only be applied under the guidance of private international law.