十八、十九世紀巴達維亞唐人對殖民地行政體系的文化認知賦予與重塑

Loanwords Used by Hokkien Speakers in the Dutch East Indies in the 18th and 19th Centuries: A Case Study of Official Titles, Ranks and Governing Bodies Utilized in Minutes of Council Meetings

本文討論荷屬東印度群島，特別是巴達維亞（今雅加達）福建語中的外來語。十八、十九世紀在巴達維亞的福建人多源自漳州與廈門，由福建移民與生意人所交易的貨品可看出當時廈門與巴達維亞之間的交流。本文以《公案簿》中的外來語為主，輔以萊登大學圖書館特藏《燕地官銜》的字詞手稿，以及東亞圖書館館藏A. A. de Jongh 與B. A. J. van Wettum 所留下的十九世紀漳州語字詞手稿為材料；以十九世紀荷蘭語為對照基礎，藉由殖民地政府官員（staatsambtenaren）、軍銜與軍事（militaire rangen en zaken）的福建語借詞，探討福建移民選擇外來語的標準，外來語如何內化成為福建移民的書面用語，以及如何透過外來語字詞的選用，賦予殖民地行政體系文化意義。論文最後並透過官職、機構名稱個案，討論福建語命名所反映的殖民地行政體系中的階序、空間關係。

This essay studies the loanwords used by Hokkien speakers in written materials produced in the Dutch East Indies, particularly in the seaport of Batavia (now Jakarta). This essay mainly focuses on exploring loanwords used in the Gongan bu (公案簿 Minutes of the Board Meetings of the Chinese Council) from the Kong Koan Archives. Additional use is made of the Hokkien word lists compiled by A. A. de Jongh and B. A. J. van Wettum held in the East Asian Library of Leiden University, and Namen van Ambtenaren & Collegien in Nederlandsch Indie (Names of Officers and Governing Bodies in Dutch East Indies) preserved in the Special Collection of Leiden University. The loanwords studied are those relating to colonial administration, such as official titles, ranks, and names of institutions. Issues discussed include how Hokkien speakers incorporated loanwords into their language as well as the meaning behind each loanword. This paper also demonstrates how some of the terms reflect Hokkien speakers’ unique hierarchical and spatial concepts in relation to the colonial administration.