臺灣客家人尋蹤：「客家基因溯源與疾病關聯性分析：社會學與生物學的對話」田野紀要

Field Note of Tracing Taiwanese Hakka People

本文為筆者及研究團隊執行國立交通大學「客家基因溯源與疾病關聯性分析：社會學與生物學的對話」計畫過程中的田野紀要。文中重新反省學術所建構的「臺灣客家人」概念，與「四縣、海陸、大埔、饒平、詔安」的語言和人群分類方式。發現學術分類與日常生活的斷裂，例如：「臺灣客家人」與「大陸客家人」的混淆、「詔安客」在「客」與「非客」之間的游移、父系思維之族群認同與生物性認定血緣的矛盾、「饒平客」的血緣與語言的衝突。此外，還發現語言的混雜與變遷現象，包括語言的改變、不確定自己的客語腔調、「四海大平安」的人群中混雜了各種腔調與血緣、以及多種方言並行的情況等。這些發現值得我們重新思考當前對客家人的建構、論述和分類方式。

In order to find the subjects of five kinds of Hakka accents in Taiwan, the author of this paper and the research team of National Chiao Tung University conducted a field sampling summary. Researchers reflected upon the concept of “Taiwan Hakka” that has been taken for granted by academic imaginations, and, upon the method of classification of languages and populations of “Sixian, Hailu, Dapu, Raoping, Zhaoan”. It was discovered that there is a gap between academic classification and daily living: the confusion between “Taiwan Hakka” and “Mainland Hakka”, unclear boundary between Zhaoan Hakka and non-Hakka, contradictions between paternal thinking of ethnic identity and consanguinity of biological identity, and conflicts between the consanguinity and language of Raoping Hakka. It also points out the mixing and transitions of languages. Through top-down approach, the construction, discussion and classification of Hakka people are worth re-thinking.