《太上說天妃救苦靈驗經》與永樂期的海外出使－－日本天理大學所藏永樂十二年版與永樂十八年版之考察

Taishang Shuo Tianfei Jiuku Lingyan Jing and the Diplomatic Missions during the Yongle Period: A Comparative Stud of the 1414 and 1420 Versions in the Tenri University Library

日本天理大學附屬天理圖書館收藏有永樂十二年版與永樂十八年版的《太上說天妃救苦靈驗經》已為學界所知，然其內容至今仍未公開。天理所藏的永樂十八年版本比起中國的收藏版本（永樂十八年），其保存狀況較佳，能彌補其缺損部分。天理的永樂十二年版本與永樂十八年版本相較下，其架構有非常大的差異。本論文首先論述天理大學所藏之兩種版中《太上說天妃救苦靈驗經》的來歷與內容，其次解析《太上說天妃救苦靈驗經》（永樂十二年及永樂十八年）、《太上老君說天妃救苦靈驗經》（永樂十四年）三個不同版本的成立與變遷；並且藉此三經所提示之媽祖信仰與佛、道教的交叉背景來考察永樂時期出洋船舶關係人、海外出使者及道士們的動向。

The 1414 and 1420 versions of Taishang Shuo Tianfei Jiuku Lingyan ling (Book of the Celestial Supreme Narrating the Experiences of the Heavenly Queen's Salvation from Sufferings) in the Tenri University Library have long been known to academia. However, their contents have not been thoroughly introduced and studied. As the 1420 version (located in the Tenri University Library) has been preserved much better than the 1420version (located in the National Library of China) it can be used as a supplement to that version which differs in structure. This article will discuss the background of how the different edition were compiled, analyze their contents, and then compare the 1414 and 1420 versions with the 1416 edition of Taishanglaojun Shuo Tianfei Jiuku Lingyan Jing (Book of the Celestial Supreme Lord Narrating the Experiences of the Heavenly Queen's Salvation from Sufferings), in order to draw a clear picture of how the three versions came to exist and how they changed from edition to edition. By analyzing the background of relationships among the Mazu belief, Buddhism, and Taoism in these scriptures, this study will shed light on the activities of sailors, diplomatic missions, and Taoist priests during the Yongle period.