漫畫藝術的敘事與解構──以《火影忍者》為例

Narrative and Decomposition in the Art of Comics ─ Taking Naruto as an Example

創作者藉由漫畫表述故事，藉由角色、情節及衝突等基本要素，還原故事二元衝突及對立關係；漫畫創作者經過命名、臉孔、場景、象徵符號要件考量，塑造合適故事進行的角色，使其具有獨特設定，包含心理與生理特徵，讓讀者易於區辨角色。研究以日本知名漫畫《火影忍者》主角為核心，針對強化創造角色思考要件之「命名與臉孔」、「敘事與場景」、「象徵與符碼」與等設定要素，以主要角色進行探討；研究發現：（1）角色命名與臉孔設定，與其精神狀況及性格特徵相關；（2）創作者的敘事方式創造了「真實」感，場景設定有助於讀者理解角色所在時空背景，快速融入其中；（3）角色象徵物與角色本身或周邊所出現的象徵符號相關；（4）隱喻性符碼設定裡有著人性必然的弱點，表達人性裡漸進的心態及變化；（5）漫畫相關設定皆有助於讀者加深印象，並深刻角色情節記憶。

Creators tell stories through comics and describe the polarized conflicts and confrontations in stories with the use of basic elements which include characters, plots and conflicts. The creators of comics make up characters for the proceedings of stories with the consideration of essential conditions such as naming, faces, scenes and symbols. A comic character is usually made with a unique set of settings that also includes mental and physical characteristics for the easy identification by audience. The subject of the study was the protagonist of the famous Japanese comic series Naruto, and the investigation of the protagonist was conducted with the focuses on the factors of consideration for fortifying the creation of characters, which include the elements of settings such as 'naming and face', 'narrative and scene' and 'symbol and code'. The research results show that: (1) The naming and face of the character are correlated with his mental status and personality; (2) The narrative techniques adopted by the creator creates a sense of 'reality', and the scene setting help the audience to understand the time and space in which the characters are, quickly forming a sense of substitution; (3) The symbol of the character is correlated with he himself or the symbols show us in his surroundings; (4) The setting of metaphorical codes includes the inevitable human weaknesses, which represent the human mental state with gradual change; (5) All settings correlated with the comic help the audience to strengthen their impression of the character and to deepen their memory of the plots related to him.