晉身帝國的焦慮──從森鷗外的《航西日記》及《徂征日記》之征旅文字出發

The Anxiety of Becoming an Empire: An Analysis of Narrative of Mori Ogai’s Kosei-Nikki and Sosei-Nikki

十九世紀末期日本以明治維新為機運展開全面的「近代化」，其後明治期起積極的歐化主義傾向，與向後的保守思想產生對立的混亂狀態。森鷗外即在此改造背景下赴德留學，從而擺盪於新╱舊、現代╱封建的浪潮當中。在森鷗外以《舞姬》確立其文壇地位之前，就將1884年8月至1888年7月間西洋留學的航旅經驗，以漢文、日文寫成《航西日記》、《獨逸日記》、《隊務日記》及《還東日乘》等文字發表。森鷗外更於日記中借鑑西方或受帝國殖民的他地，對照當時日本社會邁向帝國發展的內部處境。承上所述，本文將以森鷗外日記的文本探討為焦點，從觀看帝國殖民地的海外渡航文字《航西日記》，與征台隨軍期間《徂征日記》等跨地域的記錄，梳理他對國家晉身帝國過程中的嚮往，以及恐懼日本成為歐美列強「殖民地」的焦慮。而從中發掘日本知識份子初始面對西方帝國文明的態度與自我定位，以及日本崛起後向殖民地台灣投影的諸種想像。

Following the Meiji Restoration in the late nineteenth century, Japanbegan a comprehensive program of “modernization”. A tendency towardEuropeanization was adopted in opposition to the conservative ideals of theMeiji era. Against such a background, Mori Ogai went abroad to study militarysanitation systems in Germany from 1881 to 1884, and swung between the tideof modernity and feudalism . Prior to establishing his literary status in Japan,Mori Ogai had already published his diaries about western sailing and experiencesstudying abroad in volumes, such as Kosei-Nikki, Doitsu-Nikki, Taimu-Nikki, andKantou-Nichijou. In his diaries, Mori Ogai adopted the Asian colonies of westernempires as comparative subjects with which to illustrate the internal struggle ofJapanese society. This paper focuses on Mori Ogai’s two diaries, a record of hisoverseas voyage in Kosei-Nikki, and his review of life in colonial Taiwan in Sosei-Nikki. This work represents an attempt to elucidate the two overriding emotionsof Japanese intellectuals concerning Japan’s anticipated shift toward becoming acolonial empire and the fear of Japan itself becoming a “colony” of other imperialpowers. The goal of this paper is to explore the face of Japanese intellectual’s selfpositioningand views regarding colonial modernity and colonial Taiwan.