新竹市海岸生態環境與土地使用整合模式之建立與應用

Design and Application of an Integrated Model for Ecological Conservation and Land Use in Coastal Planning in Hsinchu

海岸環境敏感多變，對台灣生態體系的完整性又是不可或缺的一部分。但台灣土地資源有 限，面對各項發展的需求，海岸開發勢必無法避免，然而過度開發對海岸將會造成不可逆之衝 擊，其間接影響更是生態體系及地理環境上莫大的災難。因此，如何在自然生態環境與社會經 濟效益上求得海岸土地使用的最佳平衡點，將是決策上的重要議題。台灣海岸的土地使用規劃 若只考慮到單一目標，亦即決策者只依分析者評估結果即決定接受或放棄，將極易產生許多不 適當的土地使用規劃政策。而在多目標規劃中，多個目標是可以在決策過程中被考慮的，且又 能兼顧多個衝突性目標間的最佳平衡，分析者提供決策者更多資訊及可行性方案，最後依決策 者的評定做出決策。再者同時兼顧到生態與經濟的土地使用政策，即是一種多目標規劃的手 段。基於此，本研究以新竹市海岸為例，藉由多目標數學規劃方法，建構新竹市海岸生態環境 土地使用規劃數學模式，利用多目標規劃方法中的妥協規劃法進行模式求解，於反應不同目標 的權衡與考量下，獲致生態保育、經濟效益、社會心理以及環境保護各個規劃目標上的最佳平 衡，藉以求得各類土地之最適開發量，作為未來台灣海岸地區土地使用規劃的一項參考依據。

Coastal environments are essential to the integrity of Taiwan’s ecological systems. However, due to limited land availability in Taiwan, coastal development is inevitable. Nevertheless, over-development can have irreversible effects on coastal environments and indirectly contribute to ecological disasters. Therefore, finding a balance between the natural environment and socio-economic benefits is a major policy goal. If land-use planning for Taiwan’s coasts focuses on one goal only, that is, if policy-makers decide to accept or abandon projects simply based on evaluation results by analysts, many improper land use policies are likely to be implemented. Within multi-objective programs, multiple objects can be considered when developing policies or determining the optimal balance among multiple conflicting objects. Analysts can provide policy-makers with information and practical alternatives, such that policy is based on the judgments of policy-makers. Ecological and economic considerations in land-use policy can be modeled using a multi-objective program. This study focuses on coastal areas in Hsinchu City and uses Multiple-Object Mathematical Programming (MOMP) to establish a programming mathematical model for land use in Hsinchu City’s coastal environment. Compromise Programming is applied to construct a multi-object programming solution. By balancing and considering different objects, the proposed method finds the best balance among programming objectives such as ecological conservation, economic benefits, visual landscape and environmental protection to determine the appropriate quantity of land for development as a reference for future land-use planning for Taiwan’s coastal areas.