影響臺灣原住民族遷徙的區位及生命歷程要素

Migration of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples in Response to the Effects of Location-specific Factors and Individual Life Course

本研究運用「臺灣原住民族社會經濟與政策評估」之調查資料，目的在探討及判別原住 民族的遷徙類型，並檢視影響原住民族遷徙行為的要素；研究除探討影響原住民族遷徙的一 般性因素外，亦著重於區域性資本與及在不同生命階段中所在區域之區位特性對不同類型遷 徙者的影響方向。研究發現如下：(1)區位要素的影響對終生遷徙遠大於近期遷徙；(2)對終生 遷徙者而言，目的地所在區位的作用遠大於出生地與成長地，終生遷徙顯示原住民族離鄉係 大勢所趨；(3)近期遷徙行為受個人層次要素的影響較大，且以個人工作要素的作用較為明顯， 近期遷徙可具體呈現遷徙行為的趨力；(4)在遷徙流向上發現，不論是終生遷徙或近期遷徙， 非原鄉不斷吸納離鄉者的流入，但同時也送出部分遷徙者回流原鄉，北部的臺北縣與桃園縣 在遷徙人口的流動體系裡，有越來越重要的地位；(5)總體而言，區域性資本與區位要素雖具 極高的解釋力，但遷徙是個人與環境互動的結果，個人是否決定遷徙，仍是自身人力資本、 工作狀態、資訊網絡的運用及預算能力，參與決策過程角力的結果。

Based on the Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Survey (TIPS) and other official statistics, this investigation explores factors affecting the migration of Taiwan’s indigenous peoples, with a particular emphasis on the effects of location-specific factors and individual life course. The primary findings are as follows. First, attributes of residential location affect lifetime migration patterns more than short-term migration patterns. Second, destination attributes are more crucial in accounting for the decision to migrate than attributes associated with birthplace and hometown. Third, individual factors, particularly work status and experience, have greater effects on short-term migration than on lifetime migration. Fourth, in terms of migration flows, both lifetime and short-term indigenous migrants generally move to places that are not traditional residential locations for indigenous peoples; Taipei and Taoyuan counties are the principal destinations for indigenous migrants. Fifth, when the effects of location-specific capital and other spatial factors are controlled, individual attributes, work status, migration budget, and ethnic networks explain indigenous migration patterns.