探討大眾運輸車站內部步行環境對步行者身心健康之影響──以板橋車站為例

Physical and Mental Health Effects of Walking Environment in the Public Transportation Stations -Illustrated with the MRT Banqiao Station

台灣的大眾運輸場站內部環境，儼然就像都市的縮影，其場站內部的空間環境配置，同樣是以空間效益最大化為導向，而忽略了步行的便捷程度，但就使用者需求而言，進入車站內部空間後將會不斷進行選路行為，而在步行過程中，勢必會受到不同空間的環境特性影響（如空氣、噪音），不僅會造成路徑選擇上的差異，更會使群聚現象產生變化，進而在步行過程中產生身體及心理的影響。據此，本研究以「板橋車站內部空間」為研究對象，應用「空間型構法則」之理論與步行導向理念為基礎，加以分析場站內步行路網結構與環境特性的相關性，並以「噪音影響」、「空氣影響」、「物理環境影響」、「路線選擇影響」、「環境設置影響」與「人際互動影響」等六項構面，以及「可及性與連結性」、「方便性與舒適性」、「安全性」與「美觀性」等四項認知感受，進而探討內部環境對民眾步行時的生理與心理的影響。經由實證結果，本研究提出以下三項結論：（一）環境特性會對行人產生身心健康影響，應與空間便捷值（R3）一併考量，如具較高便捷值的單元1（R3值4.45943）與單元34（R3值4.54095），其CO2濃度與噪音（db）皆在平均值以下；（二）步行環境對於步行者生理的影響（X3變數檢定通過）較大於心理的影響（Y7變數檢定未通過）；（三）加入環境特性後對於空間的討論更符合民眾群聚的情況，如一樓大廳CO2濃度最高值發生在單元2上，但卻僅一般便捷（R3值3.1748），可見在既成環境中空間愈便捷並不一定愈容易使人群聚，其中更受不同的路網特性及周圍環境設施所影響。

The inner environment of Taiwan public transportation stations is essentially an urban microcosm. Space inside the stations is configure to maximize spatial effect, while considerations of walking convenience are apparently neglected. However, how passengers choose walking routes after entering a station is crucial because they inevitably experience the impact of specific environmental characteristics (e.g., air and noise), which not only affect the choice of routes, but also results in changes on clustering phenomena, which further influences physical and mental states during walking. This study applied this perspective in a study of the “MRT Banqiao Station’s Inner Space and “Space Syntax” theory with a walking-oriented perspective was also used a basis for analyzing the correlation between the walking network structure and environmental features inside the stations. Established in this research are six constructs: “noise impact”, “air impact”, “physical environmental impact”, “route choice impact”, “environmental configuration impact”, and “interpersonal reaction impact”, as well as four cognitive perceptions: “accessibility and connectivity”, “convenience and comfortableness”, “safety and “aesthetics”, through which the physical and mental impact of the station’s inner environment on traversing passengers is explored and discussed.The empirical data obtainedthe following three conclusions: (1) traversing passengers affected by the environmental characteristic should considerthe space convenience value (R3) - for example, Unit 1 with a higher convenience value (R3=4.45943) and Unit 34 (R3=4.54095), whose CO2 concentration and noise (db) are both below average; (2) the physical impact of the walking environment (X3 variable verification passed) ontraversing passengers is greater than the mental impact (Y7 variable verification failed); (3) adding environmental characteristics makes the discussion of the spatial configuration more conformable to the MRT riders' clustering status, for example, the highest CO2 concentration in the lobby falls on Unit 2, but its convenience is merely on average (R3=3.1748), indicating that, in an existing environment, increasing the convenience of a space environment may not increase the ease of clusteringwhile the walking routes network and surrounding facilities may even contribute more to the clustering efficacy.