臺灣西部城際旅客運輸路網脆弱度之評估模式

Vulnerability Assessment of Intercity Passenger Transportation Network in the Western Taiwan Corridor

氣候變遷使得極端氣候型態發生頻繁，而臺灣地區天然災害發生次數與強度皆與日俱增，對於生命、財產、生活安全造成可觀的損失。運輸系統除於災害預防與整備階段扮演資源調度及預疏散功能外，救災物流與孤島效應更顯其關鍵，而城際運輸肩負提供各地互通有無、均衡各區發展之重任。然而，過去鮮少關於城際運輸路網脆弱度的研究，因此，本研究目的係界定合適的城際運輸路網脆弱度之指標，並以臺灣西部走廊為案例，實證分析成果以供相關單位參考。本研究以節點中心性、路段重要性及區域可及性概念，將城際運輸路網脆弱度區分為節點脆弱度、路段脆弱度、區域脆弱度，並將暴露度納入各指標之考量。分析結果顯示桃園國際機場、直轄市火車站為較脆弱節點；城際公路系統較鐵路系統脆弱；北北基生活圈為相對脆弱區域。透過研究結果，本研究建議相關單位在管理上，針對提升重要節點間之連結度、平衡各節點之暴露度、移轉路段之暴露度、平衡各區域之發展等四項策略進行改善。

Global environmental change has led to frequent occurrence of climatic extremes. The frequency and magnitude of natural disasters in Taiwan are increasing in recent years, causing remarkable increases in mortality and injury, as well as loss of property. Along with resource allocation and pre-evacuation, transportation systems play a crucial role during disaster response and recovery, particularly in emergent disaster logistics and islanding rescue. Intercity transportation is a vital system in a modern city, providing communication between cities and balancing developments in urban and rural areas. Therefore, this study defines intercity passenger transportation vulnerability based on node centrality, link importance as well as site exposure, and adopts the western Taiwan as an empirical case. Intercity passenger transportation vulnerability is defined in terms of exposures and potential losses, and is classified as node, link, and site vulnerability. Empirical results demonstrate that Taoyuan International Airport, and train stations in municipalities possess higher vulnerability. In link vulnerability, the highway system is more vulnerable than the railway system. In site vulnerability, the Taipei metropolitan area is vulnerable for passengers Based on the empirical results, this study also proposes four recommendations for government administrations, namely to enhance links between nodes, balance exposure of nodes, shift exposure from highway to railway and balance the development of all metropolitan areas.