台灣地區空屋調查分析

AN ANALYSIS OF VACANT HOUSES SURVEY IN TAIWAN

在1990年住宅普查時、臺灣地區空屋數約為68萬戶，空屋率為13.29%）而根據主計處最近所公佈的資料顯示，在1993 年1月臺灣地區空屋數達82萬戶的天量，且仍持續增加中。有人質疑此一數據的可信度，認為此與政府刻意打壓房價有關，但根據一項針對民間不動產業主管級以上人員所作的調查結果顯示，將近有一半的受訪者認為此數據尚屬可信，可見主計處所公佈的數據雖可能略有偏差，但空屋太多卻是不爭的事實。我們也可以清楚認知，當前國內最嚴重的住宅問題，並非住宅存量的不足，而是因為市場機制不健全而造成房價昂貴、社會中無殼蝸牛充斥，但同時卻有龐大的空屋閒置，形成社會資源嚴重浪費的不合理現象。龐大的空屋量雖讓社會大眾意識到空屋問題的嚴重性，然而解決空屋問題所需的空屋資訊，卻僅見於每10年一次的住宅普查，而且該資料中僅有空屋的數量興建築類型。另一方面，在國內現有空屋研究中、大多僅止於空屋理論或普查空屋現象的政策面探討，從未有人實際對空屋進行調查，以此有限的資料實不足以解決日益嚴重的空屋問題。本研究透過台電不足底度戶的抽樣調查，澄清空屋與不足底度戶間之關係，並對臺灣地區各縣市的不同空屋類型，以個案調查方式，進行空屋實質環境、空屋原因、空屋所有權人屬性、未來使用計畫以及配合政府國宅，使用意願調查、初步發現一些有趣的現象，此對揭開臺灣地區高空屋率的神祕面紗，以及未來解決高空屋率問題的政策研擬，應有相當程度的助益。

According to the housing census in 1990, the vacant units in Taiwan were about 680,000 and the vacancy rate was 13.29%. The newly data show that the vacant units had increased to about 820,000 in January of 1993. Some people doubt the truth of the data, and thought it had something to do with the policy to decrease housing price. Although another survey of real estate related company shows that half of the people think it believable. Everybody knows the seriousness of high vacancy rate, but clue to insufficient information, nobody knows how to solve the problem. Our studies try to clarify the relationship between the vacant unit and under minimum use of electricity data of Taiwan Power Company. In addition we try to know the situation of so many vacant units and their owners by survey in practice. We had found some interesting results, and they are helpful to understand the mystery of high vacancy rate and future government housing policy.