住戶逃避鄰避設施之自我防衛支出－－以垃圾處理場為實証對象

SELF-PROTECTION EXPENDITURES OF A VOIDING NIMBYS: THE CASE OF SANITARY LANDFILLS

鄰避設施的設置，經常由附近社區居民承擔地方外部成本，而遠離此外部成本的社區居民卻享受此類設施提供的效益。本文的目的即利用特徵價格方法來估計此類設施所產生的外部成本，並納入損害風險的不確定性、而以福德坑衛生掩埋場與安康焚化爐兩種不同型態為個案研究、其外部成本以住戶自我防衛支出來衡量。我們採用行政院主計處民國七十年至七十七年的資料做測試，統計結果顯示(1)不同垃圾處理處場型態有不同自我防衛支出，福德坑衛生掩場在長期情況大於安康焚化爐、短期情況則小於安康焚化爐。(2)不同營運年期亦有不同自我防衛支出，福德坑衛生掩場其長期大於短期、而在安康焚化爐則短期大於長期。(3)每遠離垃圾處理場一百公尺，平均邊際自我防衛支出每坪約在二百元至一仟六百元之間，而呈遞減的現象。

For a site of NIMBYs (Not in My Backyard) facilities, such as sanitary landfills, the hostcommunity frequently incurs localized externalities costs while other communities receive thebenefits. The purpose of this paper is to apply hedonic price approach to estimate the externalitiescosts, measured by self-protection expenditures of avoiding living near sanitary landfills,under conditions of uncertainty where is from damages occurring in this type of facility. In thispaper, we take AN KANG and FWU DER KENO, the two variant types of sanitary landfills, ascase examples. Applying housing datum in 1981-1988 from Surveys conducted by Directorate-Generalof Budget, Accounting and Statistics, the statistical analysis shows (1) different typeshave different self-protection expenditures. FWU DER KENO is larger than AN KANG in thelong-run and smaller in the short-run. (2) different operating years also have different self-protectionexpenditures. Long-run is larger than short-run in FWU DER KENO and short-run islarger than long-run in AN KANG. (3) Under the condition that 100 meter is moved outward, theaverage level of marginal self-protction expenditures is between $200 to $1600 per 'ping' (Japanesemeasurement) and is decreasing with the distance from the sanitary landfills.