元代契丹女真人的漢學

The Sinology of Qidans and Jurchens in Yuan Dynasty

契丹人及女真人在歷史上曾建立遼朝及金朝，他們在遼、金二朝都有部份的族人研習漢學，並且有其成果展現。到元代統一中國後，契丹人及女真人在當時列入「漢人」族群之中，其漢學的研習與表現仍然可見。元代契丹人的漢學有五十七人可考察，女真人則有一百十二人，數量不如預想之多，或許是元代統治階層是蒙古、色目族群，資料上有所偏重之故。契丹、女真人漢學者在仕宦出身方面，要以蔭襲、荐辟居多，仍合乎元代入仕的主要途徑。家世中前一代居高官者較多，其本人仕宦也以居高官者為多，但女真人則以低官居首位，高官居次。在漢學表現方面，都以研習者為多，其次為倡行漢學，而在專長的表現上，都以文學居高。女真人數代研習漢學的家族較契丹人為多，總數上也較多，或許說女真人較為「漢化」的例證。但由於資料不詳者偏高，影響統計的結果。

Qidans and Jurchens set up Jin Dyansty and Liao Dynasty individually in history. Some people in Jin Dyansty and Liao Dynasty studied sinology and had their achievements to represent. After unifying China in Yuan Dynasty, Qidans and Jurchens were listed in ' the Hans ' ethnicity at that time, their studies and performances in sinology still could be seen.In Yuan Dynasty, Qidans had 57 sinologists be investigated and Jurchens had 112 sinologists, but the numbers were not so many as anticipated. Perhaps the strata of rulers in Yuan Dynasty were Mongolia and Se-Mu ethnicity, there were some errors i to some extent on data. Most of sinologists of Qidans and Jurchens came from the officials with inheritance, and that still conformed to the main route to enter the governments in Yuan Dynasty. The persons whose ancestors in previous generation occupied high-ranking officials were high-ranking officials too, but in Jurchens, low officers were the first and high-ranking officials were the next. In terms of the performance in sinology, persons who studied as it more, secondly in order to advocate and practice Sinology. On professional specialties, literature occupied high. The numbers in Jurchens who studied sinology were more than those in Qidan, more too on total number. Perhaps it was the illustration of comparatively 'Chinesizing' of Jurchens. But the one not quite clear of materials was on the high side, influenced the result counted.