關於時間副詞的考察之一——以「Tsuini」「Toutou」為中心

A Study on Time Adjectives: “Tsuini” and “Toutou”

本稿的目的是考察「Tsuini」「Toutou」這兩個副詞的意思和用法。其結果是：對使用這兩個副詞的句子來說「時間限定性」，而對句子中的述語來說「運動性」「界限性」是必要的；以時間限定性的觀點來看的話為表示在現實發生的事情；以現實性的觀點來看的話為表示實際發生的事情等等。在意思的特徵上，這兩個副詞在「因文脈，補助詞所引導的最後局面」這個意思上是相同的，但是在「「Tsuini」是強調最後局面，「Toutou」是強調到最後局面的過程」及「「Toutou」比「Tsuini」有著費盡時間，勞力等這樣心理態度」這兩點上是不同的。而從此可以得知：使用「Toutou」峙，在前面的過程中會出現引導出最後局面的前兆這件事。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meanings and usages of time adverbs “Tsuini” and “Toutou”. Our findings are as follows: if we use these two adverbs to create a “limited time” sentence, the predicate will need to include motion and telicity; from a limited time perspective, these adverbs can be used to describe actual events that have happened; from a reality perspective, they can be used to describe tangible incidents.Looking at the characteristics of these two adjectives’ meanings, we can see that they both express the endpoint that the complementizer leads up to in context; however, the two differ in that “Tsuini” stresses the endpoint itself, whereas “Toutou” puts emphasis on the entire development toward the endpoint, and compared to “Tsuini”, “Toutou” has a strong connotation of “exhausting of one’s time/labor.” This brings to the point that when “Toutou” is used, hints toward the endpoint will be evident in the events leading up to the finish.